Not only are we taking away an electron here, but we're also going to decrease shielding, so the electrons that are already in there are going to feel a higher z effective and will be pulling and the atom will be getting smaller.

这不只是因为我们拿走了一个电子，还因为我们这样做会减小屏蔽效应，这样留下的电子,将会感受到更大的有效核电量,也就会感受到更强的吸引力，使得原子变得更小。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But we also need it to become effective citizens.

然而我们也需要劳动力变成高效的公民。

麻省理工公开课 - 媒体、教育、市场课程节选

We can also think about this in terms of z effective.

我们同样可以。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Part of the reason why I'm endorsing this market stability regulator is that there's no way we can set up a system that is both very effective in allocating resources and that is also very stable.

我赞成市场稳定性监控者,的部分原因是,没有方法建立一个,既能完全有效配置资源有非常稳定,的系统。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And the point that I also want to make is the way that they differ, z effective actually differs from the total charge in the nucleus due to an idea called shielding.

我也想指出的一点是它们不同的方式,有效的z事实上不同于原子核的，总电荷量,因为屏蔽效应。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选