I have shown that by taking Avogadro's number of individual ion pairs and putting them all together in a line, the system's energy became more negative.

我推导出了,从每一个离子对中抽出阿伏加德罗常数,再把它们放在一起在一列中，这个系统的能量就变得更负。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And then we have a triple bond there because we have 3 pairs of electrons.

然后那里还有一个三键,因为我们有三对电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Transcription just means making a single stranded RNA copy of a sequence of base pairs in a DNA.

转录的过程就是从一段DNA碱基序列中,复制出一段单链RNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So the access that a cell has to certain kinds of genes, or chemical modifications of DNA, not chemical modifications that change the base pairs, that would be a mutation.

因此细胞变化的途径应该是对某些基因,或者DNA进行化学修饰,不是更改碱基对,更改碱基对就是突变了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The goal of that was to take for a typical human, or for a typical - in the case of the human genome project maybe you're looking at fruit flies, you want to look at all the DNA in a fruit fly, but to look at the sequence of base pairs that makes up human DNA and write them all out; we'll talk about that later.

这个计划的目的是,建立一个有代表性人类的基因顺序,或者说是典型的人类基因组,就人类基因组计划来说,或许你在研究果蝇,你想观察果蝇内的所有DNA,而人类基因组计划是观察组成人类的,DNA的碱基对顺序并且将它们记录下来,我们不久之后会讨论这些内容

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选