Lot's of investors won't buy a municipal bond unless it's insured.

如果市政债券没有投保,很多投资者是不会去购买的

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, municipal privileges-- walls were put up for a variety of reasons around towns. Plague, for example.

在那些有特权的地方,人们因为各种理由修建围墙,例如瘟疫

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

It was a big news story for the people who work in the municipal government.

这对于在地方政府工作的人们而言,是一个大新闻

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And one of the reasons why France ends up with a republic, and not a monarchy,is because these prefects who represent the Republic can go into conservative regions and say, "hey,we didn't really like the way the elections came out last time; your municipal council, uh-uh-uh,a lot of monarchists there.

这也是为什么最终法国成为共和国,而没有成为君主制国家的原因,是因为,代表共和政体的省长可以去守旧地区并说,"嘿,我们并不喜欢上次的选举方式,你们的城市议会,有太多的拥护君主制度者了

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

It's not just municipal governments, but a lot of different aspects of our financial system are going to be touched by a crisis that's spreading from one segment to another.

不仅仅是地方政府,还有很多不同的金融系统领域,都要被影响,危机波及到一个领域又一个领域

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So, part of the whole process is the elimination of these these municipal privileges and replacing municipal officials, to make a long story short, with people that they have appointed.

他们采取的一个办法,就是取消那些地方政府的特权,更换本土官员,简而言之,就是以近臣取而代之

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选