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So here, I'm going to have delta H, is just the sum for all the products of delta heat of formation right? Here I'm going to put together all the products. So this is a positive heat of formation.
所以这里△H就是所有生成物的,生成热的和,对吧？这里,我要把元素组合成所有这些,生成物，所以这里是正的生成热。
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But this is a compound, right, it has some non-zero heat of formation from the elements. So is water, right?
但这是种化合物，对吧？,它具有非零的生成热,水也是一样，对吧？
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She's stuck to a -- this is remarkable: she's stuck to a "marble venomed seat smeared with gums of glutinous heat."
这个值得注意，她坚持坐在,涂满胶状树胶的邪恶石头凳子上“
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King Goll is a mythical Irish ruler who goes mad in the heat of battle.
郭尔王是传说中的爱尔兰统治者,他在战斗激烈时发疯了。
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So that's the important take-away message from this slide. If we think about these different types of lights, microwave light, if it's absorbed by a molecule, is a sufficient amount of frequency and energy to get those molecules to rotate. That, of course, generates heat, so that's how your microwaves work.
重要的信息，如果我们看看,这些不同种类的光，微波,如果被分子吸收，它的频率和能量可以,使分子转动,这当然的，会产生热量,这就是你们微波炉的工作原理。
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As I'm sure you know, we're able, with various lower organisms, to put them in a state of suspended animation and then, the amazing thing is, if you heat them back up again properly, they start functioning again.
我想你们一定知道，我们能够使各种低等生物，进入假死状态,而后令人称奇的是，如果将它们正确地重新升温，它们又会重新恢复功能。
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One is that he observed when people were machining cannon barrels, a lot of heat was generated, and there was a lot of work done.
第一种说法说焦耳发现,制作加农炮筒时，会产生大量的热，同时这中间有大量的做功。
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And it's for that whole unit that you've got some heat capacity. How much heat does it take the warm the entire thing up or the insides of the thing up by a degree? It's that number right.
由这个单位你能知道,一些热容的信息，要让这整个装置,或里面放置的东西,升温一度需要多少热量？
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So we don't really need to put in a certain amount of heat and change the temperature of the products and the calorimeter and so on.
所以我们实际上并不需要输入,一定的热量，改变生成物,和量热计的温度之类。
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And we had the similar statement by Kelvin about the heat engine that required that some heat gets dumped into a cold reservoir in the process of converting the heat from the hot reservoir into work.
相同的陈述,同样的有开尔文表述：,把热量完全从高温热源,转移至低温热源的过程中,必然有功的输出。
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So if I worry about energy I have a pretty good chance of extracting out these heat capacities, right, and I don't have to worry about exactly which path and I can really mix things up.
而能量与热容有密切的关系,从能量就可以就算出这两个热容，我不需要考虑到底是哪一条路径,可以随意计算。
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The boundary is impervious to transfer of heat like a thermos Anything that happens inside of the thermos is an adiabatic change because the thermos has no connection in terms of energy to the outside world.
边界不能传递热量,像热水瓶一样,热水瓶里发生的任何事,都是绝热变化,因为热水瓶与外部世界,没有能量方面的联系。
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for instance, for the thermos with the coffee in if you place the boundary in the inside wall of the glass or the outside wall of the glass and the inside of the thermos, that makes a difference; different heat capacity, etcetera.
比如说，对于装咖啡的热水瓶来说,你把边界设置在瓶胆的内壁上,或者设置在瓶胆外壁上,或设在热水瓶里面，情况都是不一样的;,有不同的热容等等。
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OK, so that means heat is being imparted to the system, right, from the surroundings in a manner that compensates exactly the amount of work done.
好，这表示系统,从外界吸热,吸收的热量与系统,对外做功的值相等。
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Now, you can have a change of temperature without any heat being involved.
不进行热量传递也可以改变温度,想象有一个热绝缘的盒子。
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You couldn't just run something successfully in a cycle and get work out of it, using the heat from the hot reservoir, without also converting some of the heat that came in to heat that would flow into a cold reservoir.
如果一样东西在循环工作过程中,只有热从高温热源中流出，而没有热流入低温热源，那么此过程,不可能对外做功,不可能把所有热。
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