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And on this side, we're going to write out an engine, and we're going to say this is a Carnot engine.
在这边，我们画出一个热机，是卡诺热机。
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So, what I want to do is make a new engine which really just consists of two engines, side by side.
我们先构造一个,由两个热机组成的热机，并排排列。
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We did that, we came up with very good Chinese search engine technology, and we signed up a lot of the Chinese portals in a very short period of time.
我们开发了,很好的中文搜索引擎技术，并在短期内，和许多门户网站公司,签了合约。
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The Book of the Month Club was a mail-order book club that started in 1926 and it became an incredibly powerful engine for selling books, just as Oprah's Book Club is today.
月读书友会是一个创立于1926年的邮购书友会6,是图书销售的强大引擎，正如今天的奥普拉书友会一样。
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If we have a small engine, and we have to pull the car up a steep hill,a difficult hill, the engine is more likely to collapse,to blow up.
如果我们用的引擎很小，想把车开上一个陡峭崎岖的山坡，引擎很容易损毁，爆炸。
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The engine is a prior existing part, so can we conclude then that from the fact that argument from recycling, cars get reused, get rebuilt, when cars get destroyed, its parts is still around.
发动机是之前就存在的一个部分，所以我们可否得出结论说,根据源于轮回的论证，汽车重复使用，重新组装,汽车坏了的话，它的零件还在。
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I mean, you know the wings go, and the air runs, and then the motor on the engine and it's a miracle how it gets up there and that is the way I used to explain the Greeks, because I had no better idea.
我的意思是,你知道机翼的作用,空气的流动,还有引擎上的发动机,飞机能飞起来,是个奇迹,我就是用这种方式来解释希腊历史的,因为我也没有更好的方法了
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In that process there is a metabolic engine at work, and some people have an efficient engine so that the calories in get banked in the fat, other people have an inefficient engine, that is the calories get wasted as body heat and things like that, and they tend not to gain weight.
这过程中人体内有个工作着的代谢引擎,有些人的代谢引擎效率很高,热量便转化为脂肪储存起来,另一些人的效率低下,能量就以体温等形式被浪费了,因此他们就不容易发胖
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What the Market Revolution was, in so many ways, was an engine, a tremendous Charles Sellers has written a famous book on this it was a tremendous engine for what became arguably the most prevalent idea of the entire nineteenth century in America, and that's the notion of progress.
在很大层面上,市场革命,就是一个巨大的发动机,查尔斯·塞勒斯,曾经为此写过一部书,市场这个巨大的发动机,它带来了十九世纪最流行且有争议的看法,即,对进步的观念
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So, the engine that I'm going to illustrate is called a Carnot engine.
这个热机,叫做卡诺热机。
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So you can tell that people have very high expectations about Baidu or about a search engine.
你会发现人们对于百度,有很高的期望值。
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And we had the similar statement by Kelvin about the heat engine that required that some heat gets dumped into a cold reservoir in the process of converting the heat from the hot reservoir into work.
相同的陈述,同样的有开尔文表述：,把热量完全从高温热源,转移至低温热源的过程中,必然有功的输出。
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OK, so here is just an engine like what we've already seen, and I'm going to specify that this is a Carnot engine which is to say all the results that we just derived hold for this case.
这一个热机,跟我们以前见过的差不多，我们把它确定为,卡诺热机,所以我们之前得到的结果都对它适用。
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Once that's clear, we will send it to the necessary application, be it a search engine or anti-virus software, or a stock search, or shopping, or FriendFinder - anything that can be plugged into this kind of platform.
结果一出,页面将会转到相应的应用，像，搜索引擎，或者，杀毒软件，或是，股票搜索，购物，交友网站,任何能够接入平台的东西。
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And these verbal descriptions lead to some pictures that I put up and I'll put up again about how you might try to accomplish something like run an engine or move heat from a colder to a warmer body.
这些言语的描述有助于你们理解我讲过的,而且还要再讲的一些物理图像,比如一台发动机,是怎么运行的,或热怎样从冷的物体传到热的物体。
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The engine is not a car.
发动机不是汽车。
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If we build an engine for a car or anything else, it almost always is going to have some key element that's operating in a cycle, otherwise it won't keep going, right.
如果我们为一辆汽车，或其他什么东西制造一台引擎,它总要有一些关键，要素来形成循环。
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Let's just take our reversible engine and modify it a little bit.
我们就拿可逆热机为研究对象,并对它进行一点修改。
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we can run the engine backward and build a refrigerator, if you've got your lecture notes from last period your 8-9, well, they're labeled 8-9 lecture notes, I made an attempt to define something which was a little bit misguided.
现在我们可以把热机倒过来,制作一台制冷机，如果你们拿出上节课的笔记,也就是8-9节，好的，他们在8-9节，当时我试着,定义了一些,有些误导你们的物理量。
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You've just built a heat engine.
加热使压强增加。
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Can we conclude from the argument from recycling and the fact that the engine is a prior existing part from which the car was built, that the engine will continue to exist forever after the destruction of the car.
能否根据源于轮回的论证以及,发动机是汽车成形之前就,已经存在的部分这一事实，得出结论说发动机能够在,汽车毁掉后还继续永远存在。
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And of course even if in many cases, the engine continues to exist for a while, after the destruction of the car, certainly it doesn't follow the engine is immortal that continues to exist forever.
当然，即使在许多情况下，发动机在汽车毁坏后，能继续存在一段时间，但当然不能得出结论说,发动机是不朽的会永远存在下去。
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It expands. You change your constraints on your system, you heat it up some more, then you take the heat source away, and you put it back in contact with the atmosphere. And you cool it a little bit, change the constraints, cool it a little bit more, and heat, and you've got a closed cycle engine.
让它与大气接触冷却,改变约束，使它继续冷却，然后又再次加热,这就是循环热机，我们以前也研究过，更复杂的机器。
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In a real engine, of course, you can approach the reversible limit.
在一个真实的热机里，当然，你可以达到可逆极限。
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And you know, you could have a reversible engine with lots and lots of steps, but you could always break them down into some sequence of adiabatic and isothermal steps.
你们知道，我们可以设计一个由，很多很多个,循环步骤的热机，但是总可以把它分割成,一系列的绝热,和等温过程。
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So you know, what the second law is doing, in other words, it's putting these restrictions on how well or how effectively we can convert heat into work in the case of the engine, or work into heat extracted in the case of a refrigerator.
你们知道，在热机中，热力学第二定律的作用，换句话说，就是给热量,转化为功的效率,施加限制,或在制冷剂中，对抽取热量,进行限制。
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