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We got them from combining again, 1 s orbital and the 3 p orbitals. If we hybridize these, what we end up seeing are these four hybrid orbitals.
我们把1s轨道，和3p轨道结合而得到它们，如果我们杂化它们，我们最后会看到4个杂化轨道。
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What I have here is there is the 3p, there are six of them, and now it is telling me I should be able to put in ten more.
我现在要讲的3p轨道，有6个电子，上面的计算却告诉我,我还得再放十个电子。
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s And if we go ahead and superimpose the 3 s on top of the 3 p, you can see that the 3 s actually has some bit of probability density that gets even closer to the nucleus than the 3 p did.
如果我们继续将,重叠到3p上面，你们会看到3s事实上,有一点概率密度,距离原子核更近,比3p轨道。
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And specifically, when we give them a name it's very clear exactly which orbitals they come from combining, - we're calling these s p 3 orbitals -- that's because they come from combining 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals.
特别的，我们命名它们,使得很容易看到它们是什么轨道结合而成的，我们叫这些轨道sp3轨道-,这是因为它们是由1s轨道,和3p轨道组合成的。
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Sure enough there is the 3s and then 3p.
毫无疑问，3s之后是3p层。
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But we haven't yet addressed why, for example, a 2 s orbital islower in energy than the 2 p orbital, or why, for example, a 3 s orbital is lower in energy than a 3 p, which in turn is lower than a 3 d orbital.
但是我们还没有强调为什么，举个例子一个2s轨道能量低于2p轨道,或者为什么，举例来说它依次低于3d轨道,屏蔽一个3s轨道的能量小于3p轨道。
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Potassium is 4s, and I've only finished with 3p.
钾是4s电子，我只完成了3p轨道排布。
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We can look at the 2 p, which should have one radial node, and we just figured it out for the, excuse me, 3d for the 3 p has one radial node, and for the 3 d here, we should have zero radial nodes, we just calculated that.
我们看2p，它有一个节点，我们已经知道对于，不好意思，是3p有一个节点，对于，它应该没有径向节点，我们刚刚算过这个。
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So again, what we see is the same pattern where the most probable radius, if we talk about it in terms of the d, that's going to be smaller then for the p, and the 3 p most probable radius is going to be closer to the nucleus than it is for the 3 s most probable radius that we're looking at.
同样的，我们可以看到相同的行为,ｄ轨道的，最可能半径，比ｐ轨道小，3p轨道的,最可能半径,比3s轨道离原子核更近。
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