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And then we calculate changes, the convention is understood with respect to what is the zero, right.
然后我们计算改变,这个约定就是用来规定零点的位置的。
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What we define as zero is the enthalpy of every element in its natural state at room temperature and ambient pressure.
我们将零点定义为每种元素,在室温和正常大气压下,在其自然状态下的焓。
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So, actually I want you to go ahead in your notes and circle that zero point and write "not a node."
在你们笔记上把这个零点圈出来,在旁边写上“不是节点“,它不是节点“
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With interest rates hitting zero I say Alan Greenspan Ben Bernanke must be losing sleep at night.
所以，明显的，我们又处于这种情形中了,当利率接近零点我可以说艾伦。格林斯潘,本。伯南克肯定在夜里睡不好觉。
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And at the same time,we also need to cultivate the positive, to think more of the zero to the positive side of the equation as well.
同时，我们还需要培养积极性，探究如何让我们从零点升到正直,该如何做。
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So what we do is we pick an origin, call it zero, we put some markers there to measure distance, and we say this guy is sitting at 1,2,3,4,5.
我们现在选择一个原点,称其为零点,我们做一些标记来测量距离,这个点在五个单位长度的地方
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t the new deal, s over , by the unemployment is down to close to zero by the middle of the War.
如果不是新政，If，it，wasn’,萧条结束，it’,失业率也降低到接近零点,在二战中的时候。
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It's much more relevant to set our zero point energy as the separation of a bond in terms of talking about the reactions that we'll usually be dealing with here.
更好的是把零点能定在,键断裂的时刻,在讨论化学反应的时候,而我们以后将经常遇到化学反应。
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You know, if you want to measure the potential energy of something in a gravitational field, you have to define the zero somewhere, right, because it's arbitrary. You can set it anywhere you want. It's the same with enthalpy.
你知道，如果你想测量重力场,中某种东西的势能，你需要，在某处定义一个零点，对吧？,因为势能的值是任意的,你可以把它设定在。
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I want to point out that the zero energy is defined as when you have a naked proton -- where the electron has popped out -- that's what we've defined as zero energy up to this point when we're talking about single atoms.
我想指出，这里零点能的定义,是当我们只有一个裸露的质子,而没有电子时-,到目前为止对零点能一直采用这样的定义,当我们在讨论单个原子时。
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You've got this policy tool of interest rates but once it hits zero you're out of business.
你拥有利率这一政策工具,但是一旦利率达到零点，你便失业了。
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So that's why we have this zero point here, and just to point out again and again and again, it's not a radial node, it's just a point where we're starting our graph, because we're multiplying it by r equals zero.
这就是为什么在这里有个零点，我需要再三强调，这不是径向零点，他只是我们画图的起始处，因为我们用ｒ等于０乘以它。
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In other words, we choose a convention for the zero of entropy, so that then we can write entropies of products and reactants always referring to the same standard state.
换句话说，我们选择了一个,焓零点的约定，这样我们,就可以总是相对于同样的标准,状态写出生成物和反应物的焓。
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There is an absolute zero of entropy, and that's really what we learn.
而熵是有绝对零点的，这就是我们学到的。
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So, let's, for example, look at nitrogen. So n 2, we can do the chart here in green, so it's the green dotted line, and what we see is that we have now defined this energy as where the 2 nitrogen atoms are separated.
那么，让我们举个例子，看一下氮，那么氮分子，我们可以把它用绿色曲线画在这，这是绿色的虚线，可以看到,我们已经定义为零点能，当两个氮原子分离时。
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And what you see is that at zero, you start at zero.
你们看在零点处，它是零。
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So this, where we start at zero is not a node, is the first thing to point out.
零点不是节点，这是第一个要指出来的，当我们。
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Interest rates have hit zero 0.2%; that's twenty basis points above zero.
利率已经接近零了0。2%；,这只有零点以上的二十个基本点。
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So that's it; it's over; we've just hit zero.
所以，它结束了；我们已经达到零点了。
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So I said before when we were talking about single atoms, we always define the zero energy as when an electron was actually ejected, but now, when we talk about chemical reactions taking place, it's very, very rare that we're actually going to be talking about anything that gets to this point here.
我之前说过，当我们讨论单个原子的时候，我们总是把零点能,定在电子被发射出去以后，但是现在，当我们讨论化学反应发生的时候，非常非常罕见出现，确实达到,这种程度的情况。
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Is there a glass ceiling-- the zero?
有无形的障碍，零点吗？
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If that's all it knows, then in that scenario there is no building or anything else; it continues a trajectory both forward in time and backward in time, and it says that whatever seconds, one second before you set your clock to 0, it would've been on the ground.
如果是这样,在那种模式下,没有楼房或者别的什么,物体的运动轨迹可以沿时间可以向后延伸,也可以向前延伸,不管时间取什么值,在零点前一秒时,物体就在地面上
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So, for starters we'll keep that as our zero energy, we're going to change it soon to make something that makes more sense in terms of bonding, but we'll keep that as zero for now.
因此，首先我们将会保持零点能的这个定义，但很快我们就会对它进行修改,使它在讨论成键时更合理，但是目前我们还是暂时采用这种定义。
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Unlike the case for energy like you've seen in lots and lots of disciplines, where you can arbitrarily set the zero in a way that makes it convenient for you.
通过无数的练习题,你们已经看到这和能量不同，对于能量我们可以任意确定,能量的零点。
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The absolute number that you assign to it is something that's arbitrary. You have to set what the zero is. And so there's a well-understood convention for what the zero is.
你指定给它的绝对值是有任意性的,你需要设定零点的位置,因此有一个经过充分研究的,关于设定零点的约定。
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And also that we know that the zero does not count as a node, if per se I actually had managed to hit zero in drawing that, so the correct answer would be the bottom one there.
另外你们要知道零点不是节点，假设说我确实把零点画成０了，那正确的结果就是底下这个。
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Let's put zero here because these are not gross returns these are returns, so they're often negative.
这里做零点,注意这不是总收益,而是年度收益,有可能是负数的
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So, let's change our graph where we now have this zero point set as the two individuals hydrogen atoms, and then we see that our h 2 molecule is at the negative of the dissociation energy, or the negative what that bond strength is.
那么让我们把曲线图中的零点能改到,两个分离的氢原子处，那我们就会看到,氢分子就是负的离解能，或者负的键的强度。
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They were worried that if the discount rate is fifty basis points below the Federal Funds Rate then it's going to hit zero and that would be embarrassing; so they moved it.
他们担忧的是,如果贴现率比,联邦资金利率低五十个基本点,那么它将会接近零点,并且那将会很尴尬；所以他们改变了它。
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The reason in our radial probability distributions we start -- the reason, if you look at the zero point on the radius that we start at zero is because we're multiplying the probability density by some volume, and when we're not anywhere 0 from the nucleus, that volume is defined as zero.
在径向概率密度里，我们开始,如果你们看半径的零点，我们从零点开始,因为我们用概率密,度乘以体积,而当我们，在离核子很近的地方,体积是，所以我们会在这里。
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