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This cation is attracting the chloride next to it and it is repelling the sodium as the next nearest neighbor.
这一阳离子被邻近的氯离子所吸引,并排斥钠离子,因为这是其最邻近的离子。
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It is 1.7475. Conclusion: if I start to react sodium with chlorine, the result is a crystal, a three-dimensional array.
这是1。7475，结论就是：,如果我使钠和氯反应，结果将会是一个晶体，一个三维排列。
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if we're actually thinking about electron configuration and we look at lithium, sodium and potassium, these all have one valence electron.
让我们来想一想,锂，钠，钾的电子排布，它们都只有一个价电子。
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You got cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate here, broken down as fiber and sugars, and that's very helpful information to know.
这里还有胆固醇,钠及碳水化合物含量,碳水化合物又被细分为膳食纤维和糖,这也是很有用的信息
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The ones that are most important in physiology are ones that only allow ions to go through: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate.
在生理学上这种,只能允许某种离子通过的通道十分重要,这些离子包括钠离子,钾离子,氯离子,钙离子和碳酸氢根离子
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It deconvolves that reaction of sodium plus chlorine into elementary steps that are related to electron transfer and acquisition.
它将钠和氯的反应,分解成基本的步骤,这些步骤是直接与电子的转移和获得有关的。
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We started with gaseous sodium to make gaseous sodium ion and gaseous atomic chlorine to make gaseous chloride ion through electron transfer.
我们从气态的钠开始,得到气态的钠离子,从气态的氯原子,通过电子转移得到氯离子。
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For example, sodium in our blood plasma is almost to the point sometimes of 100 millimol or that's very, very concentrated.
比如，钠在我们的血浆中的浓度,有时几乎达到了一百毫克分子,或者说非常非常浓。
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If we want to write sodium, for example, sodium 23, 11. Well, 11 means it is sodium.
如果我们想写钠，举个例子，钠23，11，好了，11表示它是钠。
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And then I am going to take sodium gas and I am going to make this into sodium gas plus electron.
接下来，将气态的钠,转化为,带正电的气态钠。
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So if we're talking about the third period, that starts with sodium and it goes all the way up to argon.
所以如果我们谈论第3个周期，它从钠开始,一直到氩。
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We've seen so far that we can have a neutral plus neutral sodium plus chlorine goes to cation plus anion.
到目前为止,我们得到了一个不带电的加一个不带电的,即钠加上氯，得到阳离子加阴离子。
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So now, let's get a sodium here, and the chloride ion next to it to the point where they are touching.
所以，我们要有一个钠离子，和氯离子放在,相互接触的一个点上。
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And so what you're going to end up with is, well, let's go over that. Here is sodium and chloride.
你将以之结尾，好吧，我们跳过那个，这是钠和氯。
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And actually, a question that might come up, I just explained, the sodium channel, you might say, well, how do potassium channels work then, because I can understand how you can filter something big out, but how do you filter out something small.
实际上，可能大家会问一个问题，我刚解释过，钠离子通道，你可以说，好吧，那么钾离子通道该如何起作用呢，因为我可以理解你是如何把大东西过滤掉的，但是你如何把小东西过滤掉呢？
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Similarly, we find it in table salt, we're taking it in all the time, the same with potassium, think of bananas, were always eating potassium.
同样地，我们发现食盐中含有钠，而我们一直在吃盐，钾也一样，想一想香蕉吧，吃香蕉也就是在吃钾。
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That is to say I can now reroute that sodium plus chlorine reaction and go a different way, but I still end up with the same change in energy.
也就是说，我可以重新定义一种,钠与氯的反应途径,从另一种途径来实现反应，但是能量的变化过程相同。
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If you flip the Periodic Table over you will have the ionization energy of sodium, first ionization energy, 5eV and it is about 5 eV which, when you convert, 496kJ/mol is a whopping 496 kilojoules per mole.
如果浏览周期表,你可以得到钠的离子化能，第一电离能，大约，当你转换的时候，是巨大的。
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He said look at sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium.
他说，看，钠，镁，铝，硅，磷，硫磺，氯，钾。
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And, I'm going to put the sodium atom at the center.
我将把钠离子放在中央。
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That potential difference is generated by the movement of ions, principally sodium and potassium across the membrane.
电势差是由离子运动造成的,特别是钠和钾的跨膜运动
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We talked about this reaction here where we had chloride ion in the gas phase plus sodium ion in the gas phase.
我们在讨论这一个反应,我们有气相的氯原子,与气相的钠原子接触。
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We could get away with just 23 Sodium you could write sodium like this.
从23，钠，我们就知道了,你就可以像这样写钠。
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I think I had managed to get to this point here where I show what happens when the cation, here sodium, is in contact with the anion here, chlorine.
我想我能回到这儿,当阳离子，在这里是钠，和阴离子，氯离子接触会发生什么。
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And they wanted to use a soluble salt of citric acid, so they could have used sodium, they could have used potassium.
而且他们想用一种柠檬酸的可溶性盐，他们本可以用钠，也可以用钾。
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So, the sodium over here and the chlorine over here, they will be attracted to one another.
当钠离子和氯离子在一块时，它们会相互吸引。
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The first thing I am going to do is I am going to convert the sodium into vapor.
第一步,我将要将固态的钠气化。
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I could take an unknown gas and put it in and measure it and then say, wow, those are the lines that are characteristic of sodium.
我取一种未知气体，把它放到管里,然后检测它，哇，这些线是钠的特征。
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So, what happens, this is another view of a sodium channel, so this is actually looking a little bit more at the protein structure.
那么，这里发生了什么，这是钠离子通道的另一张图片，在这种蛋白质结构中,它看起来更复杂一点。
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And I say, no, I think any of you should know that potassium lies under sodium.
我要说的是，你们应该知道,钾是在钠的下面的。
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