One way of investigating this is-- to get around the selection bias-- is to try to look at all countries.

为了避免选择性偏差,研究方法之一是,研究所有的国家

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So the other guy is pricing below costs, the way which I avoid making losses is to set my price above his price.

所以另一家公司定价低于成本,我想要避免损失的方法是,将我的价格设定得比它高

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选