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If so, then from an evolutionary standpoint any kindness towards an animal that an animal shows towards another animal--is a mystery.
如果这样，从进化论观点看,任何对动物善意行为,一个动物对另一个动物，是个谜团。
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So, today without evolution, we wouldn't be able to have vaccines so,
所以，没有进化论，我们就发明不了疫苗，
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The most altruistic behavior of all, giving your life to help another, can be explained in cold-blooded evolutionary terms.
最利他的行为，就是为他人牺牲自己，这也可以用毫无人情味的进化论来解释。
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Game Theory is also used in biology and towards the middle of the semester we're actually going to see some examples of Game Theory as applied to evolution.
博弈论同样适用于生物学,在本学期期中的时候,我们会探讨一下,博弈论应用于生物进化论的案例
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A very old, very wrong view of evolution is that evolution has shaped animals such that they're merely survival machines.
非常古老错误的进化论观点认为,进化塑造了动物,他们只是幸存的机器。
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If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw, how could animals evolve moral feelings?
如果进化论是讲适者生存，在弱肉强食的自然界，动物怎么能进化出道德情感？
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So, evolution works at a level of the genes and because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic.
进化论起作用的是我们的基因,因此进化论能产生,有利他主义的动物。
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The genetic relatedness, from an evolutionary standpoint, affects how much you care for other people.
遗传相似度，从进化论的角度看，影响到你关心他人多少。
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This gives rise to some emotion including emotions that could be viewed as moral emotions, like guilt and anger, and again, grounds altruistic behavior in an evolutionary perspective.
这就产生了情绪,包括被视为道德情绪的情绪，例如内疚和愤怒，再一次，这种对利他行为的解释,也是从进化论的角度出发的。
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And so you've got this tension between what might be evolutionarily wired impulses and the kind of social constraints that say this isn't good, this isn't appropriate, this is taboo.
因此，两者之间有冲突,一方面，从进化论角度来看，你有这样的冲动,但是从社会建构的立场看,这不合适，是社会禁忌。
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And there's an evolutionary explanation for your generosity towards kin.
我们可以用进化论解释,人为什么会对亲属慷慨。
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So he's making the evolutionary argument.
他的观点是从进化论角度出发的。
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I didn't get into it at all in this experiment--in this lecture-- but there's an interesting debate going on about love and many other emotions between people who take a kind of evolutionary perspective on these states versus people who take what might be called a more socially constructed perspective.
我没有在这讲座中的实验中涉及-,但是这是关于爱,和其他情感有趣的争论,有人从进化论的角度来探讨,还有人可能从,更像社会建构的立场出发。
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And these aren't necessarily so incompatible but the evolutionary perspective I think would argue that you can feel that kind of love for more than one person or at least it would facilitate the passing on of your genetic material to a larger array of the next generation.
两种观点不太相容,但是持进化论观点的人认为,你可以和两个以上的人拥有完美式的爱情,至少会促进,你的基因传给更多下一代的人。
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Stephen Jay Gould has a wonderful essay where he discussed this, looking at the evolution of Mickey Mouse from the Walt Disney character.
史蒂芬·杰·古尔德,在一篇很棒的论文中讨论，从沃尔特，迪斯尼公司米老鼠角色,看进化论。
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Along these lines, the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins took the general step of suggesting that animals are the vehicles through which genes exploit to reproduce.
按此种方法，进化论生物学家理查德·道金斯,采取常规方式建议到动物是工具,可被用于繁衍基因。
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I'm also including modern-day approaches to computational theory, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary theory and cultural psychology.
而这些理论则包括了,计算理论,认知神经科学,进化论,以及文化心理学的诸多当代理论
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On Monday we-- I presented an introduction to evolutionary psychology, the looking at psychology from an evolutionary perspective, and trying to make a case and give some examples of how it can help illuminate and illustrate certain aspects of how the mind works.
周一，我们-,我对进化心理学做了介绍，从进化论角度看心理学，试图举一个案例,用一些例子说明它如何帮助阐明,从特定方面阐明我们的大脑怎样工作。
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