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If you were to make that change you would find that the molecule now has completely different biological and chemical properties.
如果要做出这样的变化,你会发现,分子的生物形状,和化学性质完全改变了。
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And the equation of state, pressure versus volume at constant temperature, is going to have some form, let's just draw it in there like that.
系统的态函数，恒温下压强比体积，变化曲线，就像这样。
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So if we have a negative change in energy for any reaction as it's written, what that actually means is we're giving off energy as the reaction proceeds.
如果我们像这里写的这样,在任何一个反应过后，得，到的能量变化为负值,这就意味着我们在这个过程中放出了能量。
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Too many fall from great and good For you to doubt the likelihood.
太多人以前伟大，美好,让你怀疑这样巨大变化的可能性。
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So now in this problem, we can do something slightly different, and let's use this expression here,and I will do that, then I'll stop for today.
对于这个问题,我们可以稍微做点变化,让我们用这个式子,就是这样,今天就讲到到这里
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It turns out the electrical potential or electricity that you can measure on the surface of the body reflects things that are happening deeper inside like the beating of your heart.
人们已经证明在体表测量得到的电势能,或者电信号,能够表征,像心跳这样,身体较深处的变化
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The rate and pace of change in the industry is such that it's always kind of a jump ball environment where companies are not able to hang on to a great position for a super long time.
这一行变化的速度,就是这样,总处于一种跳球环境中,公司不能,永远处于不败之地。
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Like in popular music there's often a couple of verses and a chorus and a bridge and you can predict each different movement of the piece, and that's more regular than-- Couldn't say it better myself.
就像在流行音乐中有很多的曲段，副歌,和过渡乐节，这样你就可以预测到音乐的每一个变化，这样就比别的要规则-,光我一个人不好说太细。
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Heat capacity relates the amount of heat that you add to the system to the change in temperature, and this is the relationship.
热容联系起给系统提供的,热量和温度的变化，关系式是这样的：
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Sometimes second messengers collect signals from a variety of different receptor systems, translate them into one kind of internal change, and the cell then just has to know about that one thing changing.
第二信使分子能够收集,来自不同受体系统的信号,将它们转化为同一种细胞内在的变化,这样细胞就只需对一种变化作出反应
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So what does that tell us about a state function like u?
所以这告诉我们的是,这过程中像u这样的态函数式怎么变化的？
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And I can calculate what happens to G under those conditions.
因为在化学反应中组分就是这样变化的,我能够计算在这些条件下G的变化。
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As long as we understand that, we can do this cancellation and this says on the left-hand side the change in the quantity v square over 2 is a times the change in the quantity x.
只要我们明白这一点,我们就可以这样做简化,在等号左边,v^/2的变化量,为a乘以x的变化量
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And you can see what the heat involved in a process like that is as well.
你就能看到在类似这样的,过程中热量是如何变化的。
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Now to make that happen, it's not adiabatic, right. If I wanted to do that, I'd need a heating element or something to cool, so I could make that temperature change happen, right.
要实现这点，它就不会是绝热的，对吧，如果我想做到这点,我需要一个加热元件或什么制冷的东西,这样我才能让温度变化。
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That happens, and if I was looking at a region of membrane that was experiencing an action potential I would see voltage change in just the way it's shown in this graph here.
当去极化发生时,如果我观察一个经历动作电位的区域,我就会看到这样的电压变化,就像这幅图上展示的一样
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