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When it breaks this bond, that chlorine atom, a free chlorine atom comes down and reacts, this is ozone, with the ozone in the upper atmosphere.
当它打破这个化学键，氯原子，一个自由的氯原子下来,和在大气层的上方的臭氧反应，这就是臭氧，在大气上层有臭氧。
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We must wonder whether the power of modern weapons will allow it and the world to survive at such a price.
我们必须质疑现代武器的力量能否,维系自由和这个世界的存在
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So the course very generously offers 9 late days that you can spend accurate discretion throughout the semester.
因此我们的课程在这个学期,提供了9天的自由时间。
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In other words, liberty for the ancients was a collective good, the liberty, as he says, to resist or invade other people.
也就是说，古人的自由是集体的自由,是他们这个集体拥有抵抗和入侵他人的自由，而非每个个体。
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Give up the conclusion that we've got-- Give up the premise that "We've got free will," it won't follow that we're non-physical.
放弃我们已得到的结论,放弃"我们有自由意志"这个前提,就不能推出我们是非物质的
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Redistribution is a - if you think about it, says the libertarian is a kind of coercion.
仔细想想，再分配这个概念，按自由主义者的话来说，就是强迫。
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There's a sense in which you can see this happening all the time in Areopagitica.
你可以看到这个情况在《论出版自由》中,总是不断发生着。
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So now we have a different sign for delta H and it still happens spontaneously.
现在自由焓的变化的符号不一样了,但是这个过程仍然自发的进行。
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The idea that if labor is left free then that common man always has a chance.
这个观点表明如果劳动是自由的,那么平民始终有希望
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When you walk through that door, it's an act of free will.
当你走进这个门的时候，这是自由意志的选择。
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It's an open question whether you'll believe it when this class comes to an end, but I'd be surprised if many of you believe it now.
即使到课程结束时,能否接受这个观点,依然是你们的自由,相反,你们要现在就能接受,倒是会让我感到很奇怪
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So just a dot, and the dot can move around all over space.
就是一个点,这个点能在空间各处自由运动
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My first book was on the trial of John Peter Zenger, 5 which was the first famous case in America in 1735 relating to freedom of speech.
我首本书写的就是John，Peter，Zenger审判，这个案例在1785年的美国家喻户晓5,是言论自由方面的第一个例子。
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I mean a blanket term, a guiding concept, a transcendental signified, something that explains the nature of the structure and something also, as Derrida says, which allows for limited free play within the structure; but at the same time the structure has this kind of boundary nature.
是一个概括性称呼，一个引领概念，一个超验所指，它解释了这个结构的内涵，正如德里达所说，它允许在结构内有限的自由游戏;,但同时这个结构也有限性。
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You can take one late day on one piece set, 9 late days on one piece set.
在这个学期中这些，自由的时间都归你安排。
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Now, the subject, free will, is a very, very-- The subject of consciousness is a very complicated.
这个话题,自由意志,是一个非常非常,关于意识的话题非常复杂
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Basically, what the libertarians are objecting to in this case is the middle 80 percent deciding what the top ten percent are doing for the bottom ten percent.
基本上，在这个例子中，自由主义者所反对的是,由中间80%的人来决定,上层的10%，应该为底层的10%做什么。
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That was a constant enthalpy change.
这个过程是一个自由焓不变的过程。
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In order to answer that question, which will decide Locke's fit with the libertarian view, we need to look closely at what legitimate government looks like for Locke, and we turn to that next time.
为了回答这个问题，即确定洛克到底是否自由主义盟友，我们得进一步研究洛克所指的合法政府是什么，下次再继续这个话题。
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This, in many ways arguably, makes him the founding father or maybe we should say godfather of modern liberalism, the importance given to rights over duties, of the individual over in many ways the collective or common good.
正是这个稍带争议的观点,使他成了现代自由主义的奠基人,甚至可以说是创始人,因为个人权力优先于义务就意味着,个人利益将优先于集体利益。
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When they're through and had reached their peak, their notion of monarchy is something fit for barbarians, but not for Greeks. A free man may not live under a monarchy, and the roots of that, I think, are visible in Homer.
当他们赢得竞争,到达权利的顶峰时,他们所谓的君主制其实更适合于异邦人,而不是希腊人,君主统治下不存在自由人,这个想法的根源可以在《荷马史诗》中找到
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The concept of individual freedom has had no importance in these great majorities of cultures in human history.
在人类历史的大多数文化中,个人自由这个理念显得无足轻重
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There are a lot of perspectives discernible or extractable from this treatise, Areopagitica, from which the fallen state seems in so many ways, maybe in every way, superior to its unfallen counterpart.
有很多角度都可以从这个专著《论出版自由》中辨别和提取,出来，从很多方面或是一方面来说，从没落的政府比其他未没落的对手优越中来。
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So if we were to spell out the argument somewhat more fully, it might be, "We have free will, but you can't both have free will and be subject to determinism or subject to deterministic laws."
因此我们要更完整地阐述这个论证的话,它应该是,人有自由意志,但人不能既有自由意志,又遵从决定论 或服从确定性的定律
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As I say, there are philosophers who've argued that way, have denied that we have free will and if we do conclude that we don't actually have free will, then we no longer have this argument for the existence of a soul.
有哲学家按照这种思路,否定了人有自由意志,如果我们由此得出,人没有自由意志这个结论,那么这个论证也不再,支持灵魂存在这个说法
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Now, as I said last time, the subject of free will--or free will, determinism, causation and responsibility, this cluster of problems-- is an extremely difficult and complicated physical problem.
正如我上次所说的,自由意志这个主题 或者说自由意志,决定论,因果论,责任,这一堆问题,是极端困难和复杂的物理问题
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But if you step back and reflect on it, "Well, let's see, I was eating a sandwich and suddenly the sandwich was the Statue of Liberty, except the Statue of Liberty was my mother.
但当你退一步,仔细回想,让我想想,我当时在吃三明治,然后突然,三明治变成了自由女神像,不过这个女神是我的母亲
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I told you once you know the free parameters, R0 and v0, you know everything about the future of the object.
一旦给定自由参量 R0 和 v0,你就能知道这个物体之后的运动状态
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Conversely, if you get an answer and it doesn't seem to make sense, then you've got to go back and ask, am I violating some of the assumptions, and here you will find the assumption that the particle had that acceleration a is true as long it's freely falling under gravity but not when you hit the ground.
反过来说,如果你得到一个结果,发现似乎是错的,那么你就应该回过头来问问自己,我是不是违反某些前提了,这个模型中,你就发现,只要质点在重力作用下自由下落,质点具有加速度a的前提是正确的,但是落地后就不成立了
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But if you want to reject it, you have to break in to this chain of reasoning which goes, taking my earnings is like taking my labor, but taking my labor is making me a slave.
但要想驳倒自由主义，你就得打破它的这个推理过程，强占我的收入，就是强迫劳动，强迫劳动，就是让我做奴隶。
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