The next phase, concrete operations, from seven to twelve, you can solve the conservation problem, but still you're limited to the extent you're capable of abstract reasoning.

下一阶段,具体运算阶段,七到十二岁,儿童可以解决守恒问题,但儿童的抽象推理能力仍然有限

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We know machines have limited capacities to engage in mathematical and logical reasoning, to recognize things, to do various forms of computations, and this makes it at least possible that we are such machines.

我们也知道机器,在数学推理与逻辑推理方面,在识别物体方面,在完成各种形式的运算方面,的确是拥有有限的能力的,这至少说明,人类就是这样的机器

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The child starts off grasping the world only in a physical way, in a sensorimotor way, but when he gets to the preoperational period, the capacity to represent the world, to have the world inside your head, comes into being.

开始的时候,儿童只能通过生理的方式,通过感知运动的方式,来认识世界,但是当儿童进入了前运算阶段,他们便逐渐拥有了表征事物,在头脑中构建世界的能力

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选