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It's 33, 32, it's only 32 times and you can check that math at home but here lies the power of algorithmic thinking, of computational thinking as they say.
你需要33，32，对，32次,你也可以在家里自己计算，但数学算法的力量是无穷的，这就是科学家们所谓的计算机思维。
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Well, the infinity mechanism, and many of you will be familiar with this from mathematics or computer science, is recursion.
这种无限机制是递归的,你们许多人会在数学与计算机科学中,熟悉这个词
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And I'm inclined to think, "Yes." In fact, I already suggested as much when I talked about the chess-playing computers.
我倾向于认为,有,实际上,当我在谈会下象棋计算机时,我已经暗示过很多次了
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And so this, in fact, when you say your computer stores information as zeros and ones, A you've just typed the capital letter A, that's all that's going on inside.
事实上，当你说电脑以这些0与1进行信息存储时，你已经键入了大写字母，那就是在计算机内部发生的过程。
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The process to control it is intriguing and interesting but the heart of the computer is simply this notion that we build our descriptions, our recipes, on a sequence of primitive instructions.
这个控制它的过程很耐人寻味，很有意思,但是计算机的核心仅仅只是,我们在初始指令序列上，建造描述、方法的一个概念罢了。
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Under that, address the field of your major biology, computer science, philosophy, or whatever.
在下面，请注明你的专业,生物，计算机科技，哲学，等等。
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Things like steel and polymers, or plastics, and ceramics, and of course computers which has progressed remarkably due to the work of engineers in your lifetime, until now you can carry around a cell phone, which would have been unthinkable even 30 years ago.
包括钢铁,聚合物,塑料,陶瓷,当然,计算机这个在你们的有生之年,已经取得令人瞩目的进展的发明,也得归功于工程师的工作,现在你们的手机能随身携带,而这在三十年前是不可想象的
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I went to graduate school of Princeton University in computer science and now i am an assistant professor of Stanford University in the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics My work is reseaching the technology to change the way people go about making music, listening to music and interacting or relating with each other by music.
在普林斯顿大学取得,计算机科学博士学位后,我现在是,斯坦福大学,数字音乐研究,中心的一名助理教授,我的工作是通过研究技术,来改变人们创作音乐，倾听音乐,以及通过音乐,相互交流的方式。
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But we know already from week zero that computers ultimately represent all information with numbers, and if they want to represent letters inside memory, well what do they do or what do they use?
但是自从上周我们已经知道,计算机最终是用数字来表示所有的,信息，如果它们要描绘,在内存中的字母，它们该怎么做，用什么方式呢？
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Okay, not to dwell too much on math because you can very quickly bore someone in computer science by dwelling too much on math but it's useful even for logical constructs as we'll see with loops.
不要过于纠结于这些数学问题了,在计算机领域，你会很讨厌那些,在这上面钻牛角尖的人，但是对于那些,像循环这样的逻辑结构又是很有用的。
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But a point I'm trying to make is, it sounds like anymore computers have gotten so blazingly fast, why should you worry about it?
但是这里我要讲的一点是，在任何一台计算机,都能这么快的运算的情况下，我们还管效率这个问题干嘛呢？
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It can't be true because there's two ways in which the brain is better than a computer.
这个观点之所以不对,是因为大脑在两个方面上,要优于计算机
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So let's go a little science fictiony and think about some of the robots that have been shown in science fiction movies, some of the computer programs that have been shown in science fiction movies, science fiction novels, or what have you.
我们来谈一点科幻作品,想一想,在科幻电影中,出现过的一些机器人,在科幻电影,以及科幻小说等其他科幻作品中,出现过的一些计算机程序
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But really, the computer's just so fast I'm drawing the same string with just a slightly different number again and again after going to sleep one second at a time.
但是真实地，这个计算机到现在为止,我一次又一次用稍微不同的数字,绘画了相同的字符串,在睡眠1秒钟之后。
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And I want to stress this, we're going to come back to it later on in the term, so the way I'd like you to think about it for now, is that somewhere in the machine, there's a big space that contains all possible values.
我想要强调一点，我们在晚些时候,还会回头来讲这一点，因此现在,我需要你们形成这么一个观点，就是在计算机的某处，有一个包含了所有可能值的,很大的空间，好。
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We won't talk about the BCS rankings, though So the idea here is a pretty simple one.
我们并不是在说英国计算机协会排名,所以我们要讲的概念很简单。
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We're going to try and help you learn how to think like a computer scientist, and we're going to begin talking about that towards the end of this lecture and of course throughout the rest of the lectures that carry on.
我们会试着帮你们学会,怎样像一个计算机科学家一样思考，这个内容,会在课程末尾提及,当然也会,贯穿中间的课时。
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So the heap is a chunk of memory in a computer's RAM that's conceptually allocated to what's called dynamic memory allocation.
堆是在计算机RAM中的一块内存,它可以进行,动态内存分配。
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To do that, we need to describe: not only, what are the primitives, but how do we capture things legally in that language, and interact with the computer?
为了达到这个目的，我们需要描述：,包括程序基本的东西，以及怎么在这种语言中，做我们想做的事情并和计算机交互？
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Programming in this context boils down to telling the computer what to do.
在该环境下,编程是给计算机发出指令。
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So in your mind, if you are now the computer program and you are executing this thing from top to bottom, what just has happened verbally is we are stepping into the line of code that says sort left half of elements.
在你们看来，如果你现在是计算机程序,正在从上到下执行一系列指令，刚才所发生的就是我们现在已执行到了这行代码,它告诉你要对左半部分的元素排序。
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And that's when things really get interesting and so this just hints at the types of thinking that one can derive from the field of computer science and apply either to the field itself of computer science, or whatever domain it is that you are here too study.
这样就开始有意思起来了,这仅仅是我们从计算机科学领域,获得的一些思维方式上的启示,这种思维方式不仅适用于计算机科学本身，也同样可以应用在其他的学习领域。
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They're still there, but the computer has forgotten what is, in fact, there.
他们还在那里，但是计算机不记得那是什么，实际上，在那里。
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Okay. I didn't see computer science in his background.
在他的知识背景中并没有计算机科学。
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Now, all of this would be fine if your unconscious was a reasonable, rational computer, if your unconscious was really smart and looking out for your best interest.
如果无意识是台理智的计算机,它非常聪明，总在为你寻求最佳利益,那其实也倒没什么。
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D-A-V-I-D Well, if I've got a five-letter word like D-A-V-I-D, well, that's like five bytes and yet we only have the ability thus far in this class to return one thing at a time I can't return five bytes to you, but wait a minute, those bytes by nature of a computer are just stored in RAM.
好的，如果有5个字母的单词，如，那是5个字节,我们只能返回一个东西,而不能返回5个字节，等一下，这些字节被计算机本能地,存储在内存中。
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Now this is a rain gauge, and it's sitting on a roof of a building, and when the water falls into this gauge, it sends a signal to the logic unit of the computer, which immediately notifies the memory bank of the computer to seek out its instructions for a rainy day.
这是一个雨量测量器，安装在一个楼房的,屋顶上，当水流入到这个测量器，它就给计算机的逻辑部件发送一个信号，计算机立即通知内存条,为下雨天找出相应的指令。
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So there're actually some really interesting computer science ideas underlying that we promised on Wednesday that computer science.
其实在我们周三,要上的课程中涉及很多有趣的,计算机科学的思想。
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And now in the past couple of weeks, I've been working on a small experiment, which is intended to show how we can be replaced by a computer.
在前几周内，我一直在做一个,小实验，打算,说明我们怎么样才能被计算机代替。
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A patterned series of these tiny charged berries on the disk represents a single bit of data in the binary number system used by computers.
这些在磁盘上的有序的小粒子,代表这个当代计算机中,二进制中单独的一位。
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