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And we can actually better visualize this if we plot how that energy changes as a function of internuclear distance.
而我们就能更清楚地看到这些，如果我们画出,能量随核间距的变化曲线。
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And I'm going to call this the you can break even law; you can break even law.
我叫它,你能保本定律“,你不会失去能量。
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So it's not a continuum of energy that we can have, it's only these punctuated points of energy that are possible.
我们得到的不是一个连续的能量，而是一些分立的可能的能量值。
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So if you demonstrate something by writing an intelligent answer just by outlining it and saying, well, what I would do is I would equate the energy lambda and then solve for lambda, I can see that you know what is going on.
如果你想证明一些东西,通过写下一些很天才的答案,仅仅大致说一下，好的，我想做的是能量相等,然后解出，我能看到你知道怎么做。
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A related view is that sleep emerged to preserve energy and keep you out of trouble at night.
相似地，睡眠是为了保存能量,还能让你晚上不去惹麻烦。
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That efficient metabolism that banks calories is highly efficient, highly important, highly adaptable, under circumstances where food is scarce, but not efficient and not adaptive under modern food conditions in the developed world.
能高效存储能量的代谢系统,在食品短缺的情况下,非常重要,有着较强的适应能力,但却不能适应,现代发达国家的食品环境
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So we can't actually see any of that, it's too high energy for us to see. So everything we see is going to be where we have the final energy state being n equals 2.
所以我们是看不见它的,它能量太高了，我们能看见的,都是终态等于2的情况。
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system is the opposite of the open system, no mass and no energy can flow through the boundary.
孤立系与开系正相反，没有质量或能量,能流过它的边界。
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And the Born-Haber Cycle allows you to see what the relative values of the different energy components are.
波恩哈伯循环能使我们,看看不同能量成分,相对值是多少。
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The z effective is lower, so we have to put less energy in to get an ion out.
它的有效核电量更低，所以我们只需要更少的能量就能打出一个离子。
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So it can often make a lot more sense if we think about things in terms of energy.
通常我们从能量的角度来,考虑就能更好的理解这点。
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And so that led us to the definitions of other energy quantities, the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.
这就要求我们定义,其他的和能量相似的物理量，亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能。
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Let's quantify the energy value. If you go through and solve for energy, you will get this equation.
我们来确定一下能量值，如果你试图寻找,解决能量问题，你能得到一个方程式。
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So hopefully if some of you have your calculators with you, you can confirm the answer that I got, which is that the energy is 7.82 times 10 to the -19 joules.
所以如果你们带了计算器,希望你们也能确认一下，我们算出的答案，能量等于,7，82乘以10的-19次方焦耳。
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There's an interplay between the energy inside the gas which is the heat energy which is allowing me to do all that work to be outside, and so I'm using up some of the energy that's inside the gas to do the work on the outside.
即使没有热传递,能量也能以,做功的形式传递出去，气体的一部分内能,转化成了功。
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So, I've got ion pair formation, and I've got a huge decrease in energy because a donor is able to express that urge, an acceptor is able to express that urge.
所以我能得到形成的电子对，同时能量也大幅下降,因为失电子方要表达它的迫切，得电子方也要表达它的迫切。
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What Einstein then clarified for us was that we could also be talking about energies, and he described the relationship between frequency and energy that they're proportional, if you want to know the energy, you just multiply the frequency by Planck's constant.
爱因斯坦阐述的是我们,也可以从能量的角度来谈论，他描述频率和能量之间的关系,是成比例的，如果希望知道能量值，你用普朗克常数乘以频率就可以了。
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It's very important because it provides-- does provide energy but it helps with muscle building and with the manufacturing the body does of its own proteins, and therefore, is a vital part of the diet.
蛋白质非常重要,因为它能提供,的确能提供能量,但它也能帮助肌肉塑形,参与身体内自身蛋白的合成,因此是饮食中不可或缺的组成部分
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If you looked at heteronuclear molecules and you wanted to compute the bond energy, you might start with the bond energies of the two constituents.
如果你看那些相同电子的分子,你想计算共享能，你也许会从,两个组成部分的总能量。
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So, if you could make automobiles with a high magnesium content, you would reduce the mass, reduce the energy required, and thereby reduce the environmental impact.
所以，如果你能用含镁量,很高的材料来制造手机，你就能减轻手机的质量，减少制造所需能量，因此减轻了对环境的破坏。
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How much energy are you going to get out, and how far are you going to be able to drive a car with this expansion, let's say, so that's the problem.
你能获得多少能量，利用这次膨胀,你可以把你的车开出多远，比如说这就是问题所在。
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You just change volume to pressure and basically you're looking at enthalpy under a constant -- anything that's done at a constant volume path with energy, there's the same thing happening under constant pressure path for enthalpy.
可以看到这就是把体积换成了压强,一般我们都是在一种恒定状态下,考虑焓的，任何在恒容条件下,能伴随能量变化的东西，也在恒压条件下伴随焓同样地变化,所以你可以经常。
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The net energy is the sum of the repulsive and the attractive.
净能量是排斥能,和引力能的总和。
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Now what we can do is look at an energy level diagram.
现在我们能做的是,看一下能量级图表。
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Now what I want to do is take you exactly to this place where we are right now, where we see energy levels and electron filling, but I want to start all over again and I want to use a totally different approach.
现在我想做的是带你们,到达我们现在所处的地方，我们能看到能量级和电子分布的地方，但我想重新开始,而且用一个完全不同的方法。
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And, we could easily calculate the energies.
我们就能很容易的算出能量。
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putting all those things together, if you looked at this question again we'd get 100% on it, 0 9 that our only option here is 0. 9, and that it's not the negative, it's the positive version, because we're talking about how much energy we have to put into the system in order to eject an electron.
把这些放在一起，你们再看一下题目,大家100%都能选对，我们唯一的选择就是这个，它不是负数，它是正的，因为我们说的，是要,把电子激发出来,需要提供的能量。
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So, we were talking, however, about energy in terms of electron affinity, so we can actually relate electron affinity to any reaction by saying if we have this reaction written as here where we're gaining an electron, we say that electron affinity is just equal to the negative of that change in energy.
但是，我们现在讨论的能量,是电子亲和能，因，此我们可以将电子亲和能,与任何反应联系起来,只要我们将反应写成这种得到电子的形式，我们说电子亲和能就等于,反应前后能量变化的负值。
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So the point is, this balance between energy thatyou could think of as say bond energies in chemical reactions, and entropy that you can think of in terms of disorder, how many different possible combinations or configurations of something wrong, will dictate where the equilibrium lies.
关键在于，这种能量与熵之间的平衡,确定了平衡的条件，在化学中能量涉及键能，而熵和无序有关,即有多少可能的不同组合或者形位，二者的平衡会告诉我们平衡态是什么样子。
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But actually there is a little bit of an energy cost into doubling up into a single orbital, because, of course, it takes energy when you create more electron repulsion, that's not something we want to do, but we have to do it here, and it turns out that that effect predominates over, again, the energy that we gain by increasing the atomic number by one.
但实际上，在一个轨道上放两个电子,确实会亏损一点能量，因为，当你加入更多电子，引起更大的排斥能,这显然会消耗能量，这不是我们想要做的，但是在这种情况下我们不得不做，结果这一影响，超过了增加一个,原子序数所得到的能量。
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