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So the body theorist can avoid the problem of fission, avoid the problem of duplication by adding the no branching rule.
肉体主义者能避开分裂问题，通过无分支原则，避免复制导致的问题。
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So there's a kind of empirical argument for the existence of the soul if we found those kinds of results.
所以如果能找到那样的结果,就能成为灵魂存在的经验主义论据。
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What can Aristotle or Hobbes tells us about the world of globalization of terrorism of ethnic conflict and the like?
亚里士多德或贺伯斯又能告诉我们什么,诸如世界所面对的全球化，恐怖主义,种族冲突等议题？
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Now if this is the case, it seems to me that one has found a loophole in Gadamer's conservatism about what the reader can do.
如果是这样的话，我认为大家在葛达玛对,读者理解能力的保守主义论中,能找到一个漏洞。
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Who's to say, a Benthamite might argue, who is to say which of these pleasures, whose pleasures are higher, worthier, nobler than others?
边沁主义者也许会问，谁能说这些快乐中，谁的更高级，更有价值或者更高贵呢？
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There is nothing more symptomatic of the growth of absolute rule than the growth of powerful armies.
没有什么比日益扩充的强大军队,更能代表绝对主义了
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So, evolution works at a level of the genes and because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic.
进化论起作用的是我们的基因,因此进化论能产生,有利他主义的动物。
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But even an ideal like self-reliance I can remake my world, I can be anything I want is changed by the Market Revolution.
甚至是理想主义的自主,我能改造我的世界,我能成就任何事,这种观念也被市场革命改变了
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You konw, the British practicing mercantilism passed navigation acts, saying what ships could carry what and so on -nothing like that in the Greek world.
例如英国以颁布《航海法》,来体现重商主义,他们认为船能带来各种各样的财富,但在希腊不是这样
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And one of the things that you have, you have talked some on the ethic capitalism, I wonder, can you tell me, how do we develop a moral maturity?
你曾经说过，就是你在谈论道德资本主义的时候，你能不能告诉我，怎样才能培养道德成熟呢？
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It would be one thing, if we could see that no conceivable physicalist explanation could possibly work.
我们能看出,所有物理主义的解释都行不通
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There are only bodies, though when you've got a functioning body like ours, so the physicalist says, these bodies can do some pretty amazing things.
人只是肉体,正如你我都有正常的身体功能,所以物理主义认为,这些肉体能做出一些相当厉害的事情
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And I want to focus particularly on emotions that generate kind or altruistic behavior.
我想特别讲解能让人产生善意,利他主义行为的情感。
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If we accept compatibilism, we'll be able to say, "Look, maybe we have free will and determinism is true of us; but for all that, we're still just purely physical systems."
如果我们接受相容主义,我们就能说,看啊,或许我们拥有自由意志,而决定论也适用于我们,但尽管如此,我们仍旧只是纯粹的物理系统
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Are there mysteries or puzzles about people that the physicalist just draws a blank, but if we become dualists, we can explain these features?
是否存在某些人类的奥秘或谜团,物理主义对此束手无策,而二元论者,却能解释它们
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In his book Utilitarianism, Mill tries to show that critics to the contrary it is possible within the utilitarian framework to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures.
在穆勒的《功利主义》中，他试图证明，与批判者所言相反,在功利主义的框架下,是能区分高级和低级快乐的。
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We heard an objection that said what they did was categorically wrong, like here at the end, categorically wrong, murder is murder, it's always wrong even if it increases the overall happiness of society, a categorical objection.
其中之一是说,他们的所作所为，是绝对错误的，正如后排这位所言，绝对错误，谋杀就是谋杀，总归是错的,即便能增加社会总幸福，属于绝对主义的反对。
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The body theorist should say, The key to personal identity is having the same body, to wit,the same brain,to wit,enough of the brain to keep the personality going-- provided that there's no branching,no splitting,no perfect competitors,only one.
肉体主义者能说，个人认同感的关键就是拥有肉体，也就是说拥有足够支持人格继续的大脑-,在没有分支，分裂以及竞争者的前提下。
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In a way, this call for that which is new is worldwide; at the same time you have Ezra Pound among the high Modernists in the West saying, "Make it new," as his slogan.
这在一定程度上引起了全球追求新奇的热潮;,在同一历史时期我们还能看到,西方后现代主义诗人埃兹拉·庞德将，让事物新奇起来，是他的口号。
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Now, the best possible response would be for the physicalist to say, "Here's how to build a machine that can be conscious in this sense.
物理主义者们现在,能做出的最好的回答就是,从这个意义上去理解,就能造出一台,具有意识的机器
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Suppose the utilitarian calculus in the long run works out as he says it will such that respecting people's rights is a way of making everybody better off in the long run.
假设如他所说，长远来看,功利主义演算真能实现,即尊重个人权利,从长远来看，真的能让大家都获益。
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And then the question is, "What can the physicalist say in response?"
接下来的问题是,物理主义者能如何回应
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So on the monist view-- which we'll call "Physicalism," because it says that what people just are, are these physical objects--on the physicalist view, a person is just a body that can...you fill in the blank.
所以一元论观点,我们称作其为"物理主义",因为它认为人只不过,是个物理对象,物理主义认为,人只是可以...你能举出很多例子
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But at least for a while,during period C, the body theorist should say,Yeah,you will exist.
但至少还能存在一段时间，就是C阶段，肉体主义者能说，是的，你将存在。
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If we could find the right F, and make out the argument, the physicalist can't explain it or does a bad job of explaining it and the dualist does a better job of explaining it, we'd have reason to believe in the soul.
如果我们能找到合适的特性F,并且给出论证,物理主义者无法解释,或者解释得很牵强,而二元论的解释更合理,那么我们就有理由相信有灵魂存在
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