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All these cells come from the bone marrow and biologists have traced the formation of these cells in great detail.
所有这些细胞都来自骨髓,而生物学家已经很详细地,研究了这些细胞的形成过程
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because they think that it's, you know, taking of a life in order to further scientific research.
因为他们认为这是为了科学研究而夺取了一条生命。
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And millions of other people,"the average", benefit a great deal because of the study of the best, of the "growing-tip".
千千万万的“普罗大众，因对最优秀的个体的研究，而受惠。
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But that was something I think they were just assuming in the study to get it off the ground.
但我想这只是他们为了顺利展开研究,而铺垫的假设而已
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And the human rights idea came into sort of complete the three-pointed set of interests.
而人权的观点最终在某种程度上,使我的研究方向形成三足鼎立的状况。
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And that person who really studied it systematically, and is given credit for developing the first vaccine, is a Scottish physician named Edward Jenner.
而那个系统研究疫苗,并被誉为发明了第一支疫苗的人,叫爱德华?詹纳,是苏格兰的一名医生
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It was Hobbes who helped to make this new continent habitable.
而正是霍布斯,使得这块新的领域适于研究。
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But Framingham is famous for this heart disease study.
但弗明汉是因这个心脏病研究而闻名
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They just throw it out. They know what they mean I think I understand, but they don't do anything with it Whereas Cocteau, writes dozes, maybe in total, a couple of a hundred pages along those lines.
他们只是提出观点，心里很清楚自己想说什么,而我想我也懂他们的想法，只是他们没有用这些想法进行研究,而科克托一共写了十二篇文章，用了几百页来说这个话题。
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We in religious studies tend to like these terms, AD rather than BC, Before Christ, and AD, because AD actually stands for Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord.
在宗教研究中我们喜欢用这两个术语，而不用BC，即“基督前“和，因为AD其实是Anno，Domini的缩写，即“主的年份“
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If you look really carefully, you could find it was not a single line but two lines, and Bohr is silent on such matters.
如果你仔细观察的话，会发现这是两条谱线而非一条，对这一研究，波尔不得不沉默。
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But Barthes has entered a phase of his career in which you actually think that structures are so complex that they cease to be structures and that this has a great deal to do with the influence of deconstruction.
但是巴特已经进入了事业的一个阶段,这时你会认为结构非常复杂而不想继续研究结构了,这就对解构主义产生了很大的影响。
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stem cell research can go on without the ethical dilemma provided by killing embryos.
干细胞研究者可以免受由于杀死胚胎而带来的道德困境。
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The next thing that they wanted to look at was the actual intensity of the light and see what the relationship of intensity to kinetic energy is.
下一而他们要研究的是光的强度,看一下光强和能量之间的,关系是怎样的，我们预期。
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That is, investing well requires careful study and the intellectual tradition we have at universities helps promote that.
投资需要谨慎的研究分析,而大学里的学术传统,有助于这方面的研究
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If this is the outcome of the research, not an easy research to go and look around the world, ? what can we do about it?
如果这是那次研究的结果，而不是马马虎虎的轻松的研究，我们能做些什么呢？
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No idea why he wanted to study saliva, but he then discovered something.
他研究唾液分泌的初衷我们不得而知，但他却因为这个研究而有所发现。
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So a good bit of what we know about diet and health now comes from studies like The Nurses' Health Study, and in the past, from studies like The Framingham Study and The Seven Country Study.
我们现在知道的关于饮食与健康的知识,相当大一部分来自于像,护士健康研究这样的调查,而在过去则是来自像弗明汉研究和,七国研究这样的项目
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So when you put together the race risk that was highest if-- you may remember in the Mexican-Americans, and with the gender risk, higher rates in women, you'd expect the rates to be especially high in Mexican-American women, and in fact, that's what you find.
将有最高患病风险的种族,记得是墨西哥裔美国人,结合患病风险较高的女性,我们会预想墨西哥裔女性,患病的风险会特别高,而事实上这也是研究得到的结果
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And the "average"-- whatever that means, the "average" benefits even more than the best of this kind of studies.
而所谓的“大众，在这种研究中,“大众“比“精英“受益更多。
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It's possible that due to the methodological limitations of Piaget, he systematically underestimated what children and babies know.
皮亚杰很可能由于研究方法上的局限,而系统地低估了婴幼儿的理解能力
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And it probably differs somewhat according to field and so forth.
而情况也因,研究领域等而异。
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Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
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Drugs like antibiotics, Penicillin, Erythromycin, again something else you probably all had experience with and you think well that's not Biomedical Engineering that's science, that's somebody discovering a molecule that kills microorganisms.
像抗生素,青霉素和红霉素这样的药物,你们都用过这些药,你不认为这属于生物医学工程的研究范围,而认为是科学的产物,科学家发现这种分子能够杀灭微生物
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Instead, he's known for the development of an encompassing theory of mind, one that he developed over the span of many decades.
相反，他却因为提出了极具包容性的,心理理论而闻名天下，这个理论是他通过数十年的研究才提出的。
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That turns out to be one really important way that they do it.
而这是一种非常重要的研究方法
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And it's another one to get into applied philosophy.
而深入研究应用哲学却是另一件事。
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A lot of the demonstrations have to do with intelligence so, for example, there's actually been studies showing that people tend to overestimate the intelligence of professors.
而很多现象都跟智力有关，例如，有研究表明,人们往往会高估教授的智力。
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And there's been some efforts cross-culturally, to go back to the question this young man asked before looking at cross-cultural differences in toilet training and weaning, which are really big differences, to see if they correspond in any interesting way to personality differences.
回到刚才那位同学提出的问题，确实也已经有些跨文化的研究试图探究,在如厕训练和断奶上的跨文化差异,这些差异是非常大的，而这些研究的目的，是为了看看这些跨文化上的差异,是否与人格差异存在着某种联系。
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But that may simply be our own prejudice to think that my friend at Peter Simpson the CUNY Graduate Center Peter Simpson has argued in a paper that I found quite convincing that Aristotle had in fact discovered the American Constitution.
但那么想可能只是我们自己的偏见,我任教于,纽约，CUNY，研究中心的友人,他在其文章中主张,而我觉得十分具有说服力,他说亚里士多德,事实上，早就创建了美国宪法。
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