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And Pauli says no two electrons in a given system can have the entire set of quantum numbers identical.
而泡利认为在一个给定的系统内,没有两个电子有完全相同的量子数。
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And then the potential energy, the energy is stored here due to the coulombic force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus.
然后说势能,位能其实就是,由电子和原子核之间的库仑引力而形成的能量。
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So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
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Something like video games. So kids play video games but this model shop may continue to sell these complicated models. The next I want to show you is a sight I explore father-son relationship.
所以孩子们玩电子游戏,而这家模型店继续卖这些,复杂的模型，下面我要展示给你的是,是我探索父子关系方面的一段视频。
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And that's what you want because the electron repulsion is only felt when you are in really, really close.
而那就是你想要的,因为电子间的斥力只有当它们,离得非常非常近时才能感觉得到。
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Also to point out, a lot of times you'll see electron volts instead of joules, this is the conversion factor here just so you all have it in your notes.
同样也要指出，很多情况下你会看到,电子伏特而不是焦耳，这里是换算因子,你们在讲义上都能找到。
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And some of them might be spinning clockwise, in which case, according to the right-hand rule we would consider them spin-down.
而另一些电子则是在顺时针自旋，在这种情况下，根据右手定理,我们会以为它是在向下转。
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And the idea is that when you do these Lewis dot structures, we're representing electrons with dots, which we'll see in a minute, and each dot is going to represent a valence electron.
而当你遇到这些路易斯点结构时，我们会将电子用点来表示，我们马上就会看到，每个点都代表了一个价电子。
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And, that's given by the balance between the attractive force of the ions offset by the repulsive force in the electronic shells.
而那是由,在离子的电子层之间的,引力和斥力相互抵消得到的。
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And step seven is how many electrons do we have left over that are going to go into lone pairs? How many?
而第七步是我们剩下,多少电子成为孤对电子？多少？
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And step four is going to have us figure out how many bonding electrons we have, so we have 16 minus 10, is going to be 6 bonding electrons.
而第四步需要判断,我们有多少个成键电子，那么我们有十六减十，也就是六个成键电子。
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And the closer it gets to the nucleus the greater the amount of energy, which means that you see this in the following manner.
而电子离原子核越近,能量值就越大，这就意味着你以下面的方式看到这些。
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These are all isoelectronic, they all have the same electron configuration. And we can also think about going back to atomic size for a second.
这些都是等电子的，它们都有相同的电子排布，而,我们还可以再回想一下原子尺寸的概念。
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So carbon 12. We know that it has the proton number, by definition, is 6. And the neutron number, 6 from 12 is 6. So it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
所以碳12，我们知道它有质子数，根据定义，那就是6，而电子数，12减6等于6，所以它有6个中子。
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The electrons are not equally shared and the carbon hogs the electrons a little bit more than the hydrogen, so the carbon is electron-rich and the hydrogen is just a little bit electron-deficient.
电子不是平均共享的,碳原子比氢原子吸引电子,更强烈一点点，所以碳原子是富电子,而氢原子是缺电子。
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So, the father gets a Nobel Prize for showing that an electron is a particle, and the son says, well, what can I do to top that?
他的父亲因为发现电子是粒子,而拿到了诺贝尔奖，那么儿子说，好，我能做些什么超越父亲的发现呢？
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And, instead of being an electronic conductor, a liquid metal, it is an ionic conductor.
而不是电子导体，液态金属是离子导体。
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We'd have to figure out a way to achieve octet stability by electron transfer.
我们需要找到一个可以通过电子转移,而实现八隅体的方式。
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We don't have two different species of hydrogen here, so the electrons are perfectly shared.
我们没有两个不同源的氢原子，所以电子很好的而得到了平分。
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And step six asks us, well, do we have any bonding electrons left?
而第六步问我们，好，我们还有成键电子剩下吗？
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We are going to say that the electron behaves as a wave.
而要说的是,电子表现像波一样。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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In this case, we're talking about 8 electrons, which is oxygen.
而这里，我们看到有八个电子，因此它是氧。
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In case 2, we're taking the 3 p out of the neutral atom, whereas in case 3, we're taking it out of the ion.
在第二种情况中，我们要从中性原子中拿走，3，p，电子，而在第三种情况中，我们要从这个离子中拿走它。
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So, Lewis structures are really a model for a way to think about what the valence electron configuration is, and as I said, it's not based on quantum mechanics, it's something that Lewis observed far, far before quantum mechanics were discovered.
路易斯结构实际上是一个用来考虑价,电子排布的模型，而就像我说的，它并不以量子力学为基础，而是路易斯在以前发现的,在量子力学出现很早前。
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That's a very large number, it's all relative, so you don't necessarily know it's large without me telling you or giving you other ions to compare to, but chlorine does have a very large affinity, meaning it's really likes getting an electron and becoming a chlorine ion.
这是个非常大的数值，这种数值都是相对的，因此你不一定能知道这是非常大的,除非我告诉你或给你另外离子数值作为参考，但是氯确实有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着它非常乐意得到一个电子,而变成一个氯离子。
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3 It is 1.45. Ten electrons again, 1.33.
稀有气体的离子半径为1。45，而10电子的为1。
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They are all bound, hard and brittle.
电子都成键，牢固而硬脆。
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And, how many non-bonding?
而孤对电子有多少呢？
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I want to point out that the zero energy is defined as when you have a naked proton -- where the electron has popped out -- that's what we've defined as zero energy up to this point when we're talking about single atoms.
我想指出，这里零点能的定义,是当我们只有一个裸露的质子,而没有电子时-,到目前为止对零点能一直采用这样的定义,当我们在讨论单个原子时。
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