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Abel is a keeper of sheep. He represents the nomadic pastoralist, unlike Cain who is the tiller of soil, so he represents more settled urban life.
亚伯是一个牧羊人，代表着不断迁徙的牧场主，而该隐是一个农夫，他代表在城市定居的人。
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You know, New York, in general, is a very cluttered, a busy city.
总体而言，纽约是个非常杂乱而繁忙的城市。
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Cities like Gdansk, which we tend to forget about, unfortunately, which is a very important port then and still now.
像格达斯克这样的城市,也就渐渐淡出了人们的视野,而其实,它在当时和现在都仍是,非常重要的港口
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Where all property is held in common it is more likely to suffer from common neglect than it is from common ownership.
当所有的财产都共有,较可能的状况是，城市会遭遇共同疏漏的,不良后果，而非享受共有权的好处。
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No matter what its constitution was, no matter how these differed from one another, the idea was that the state has to make good men and that for a city to be good, the men must be good.
不论宪法体制如何,不论世间千变万化,其主旨始终围绕着,政府必须培育良民,而只有公民优秀,才能让城市更加美好
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And, to be sure, there were lots of crowds in Paris were the inevitable crowds who shouted for war, which was sort of odd because Paris was increasingly a leftwing city, because the vast majority of the population of Paris were ordinary people,were workers, more about that another time when I talk about Paris.
很多巴黎民众涌上街头,个个嚷着要上战场,而这对巴黎这座逐渐左倾的城市有些令人惊奇,因为这座城市的多数人,都是平民和工人,关于这点我会在讲到巴黎时再和大家讨论
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Where is a famous place for filming movies in the city?
这个城市里什么地方以电影拍摄地而闻名？
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So this city is not a city in New England, it's a city in the Midwest, where everything's flat and the roads just go completely straight.
所以这不是在新英格兰的城市,它是美国中西部的城市,那里都是平坦而笔直的路
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Manchester, which was a small town, becomes this enormous city, and Liverpool becomes ever more important.
曼彻斯特从一个小镇变成了庞大的城市,而利物浦更成为了一方重镇
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What was Romulus' murder of Remus or Cain's murder of Abel, ? but the kind of murder that founded, at the basis of the founding of cities and civilizations?
罗慕洛斯谋杀双胞胎兄弟雷摩斯,或该隐弒杀亲弟埃布尔，不都是为了创建而为的谋杀吗,为了创建城市及人类文明？
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The city will not be benefited as much from changing law as it will be harmed " through being habituated to disobey the rulers."
城市并不会因为变法而受益,就像习惯于,违抗统治者一样有害“
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In the city-states of Venice, which was a major trading city already on the decline, and in Florence, and in Milan, and in Turin, and in places like that you find something very comparable, but Italy is not united until the 1860s.
在威尼斯城邦,这个曾以贸易为主的城市已经走向衰落,而佛罗伦萨,米兰,都灵,类似的这些城市情况都是如此,除了十九世纪六十年代才统一的意大利
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That is to say the character of those who constitute a city and here he rejects a number of alternatives for what constitutes a citizen body.
也就是说那些构成城市者的特质,而在这，他拒绝了不少,替代构成公民本体的方案。
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The regime is an arrangement of a city he says with respect to its offices and every city will have a governing body that governing body being a regime.
他说，政体是一座城市对其官职的安排,而每一座城市,都会有一个统治本体,而这个统治本体即是政体。
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So, that may explain why some of the states did and others did not.
因此,这也许能解释为什么,一些城市进行了殖民,而另一些没有
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And since the city, you remember, is simply the soul at large, the three classes of the city merely express the three parts of the soul.
而因为城市，简言之，即是灵魂的放大版，城市的三个阶级,因此即代表着灵魂的三个部份。
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On the one hand it's clearly good that humans rise above the animals and build cities and wear clothes and pursue the arts of civilization and develop bonds of love and duty and friendship the way that animals do not; these are the things that make humans like the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh.
一方面，成为人类也未尝不是一件好事,人类优于动物，穿着衣服，用自己的双手建造城市,打造文明的生活方式，而爱和责任,把人类联结起来，这些是动物无法比拟的,在《吉尔伽美什史诗》中，这些特质让人类具有神性。
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And this idea that the city is essentially analogous to the soul, that the city is like the soul, is the central metaphor around which the entire Republic is constructed.
而这种,将城市视为实质上可与灵魂比拟的概念，城市也有灵魂的概念，即是环绕整部《理想国》,构建的核心隐喻。
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So what follows, in one sense, that when Aristotle says that man is by nature a political animal and the city is by nature, the city can never be a universal state.
这响应了，亚里士多德所说,人类天生是政治动物,而城市是自然的演变，城市永远不能是一座万国之城。
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The Phocaeans chose instead to take their city,which is to say, all the people in the city, put them on ships, sailed to the far west,and organized a new city out there.
而福西亚人选择,不是带上整座城市,而是带上所有的人民,将他们放到船上,航行到遥远的西方,并在那里建了个新城
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They tended,in general, not to have as much farmland as the places that I have described as not being colonizers, who may not have felt the pressures of land hunger, which was so important in motivating colonization.
这些城市也许,大体上,并没有像未进行殖民的城市,那样多的农田,未进行殖民的城市没有土地匮乏的问题,而这正是殖民的一个重要动机
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