We already talked about the Hittite vassal treaties as a model for the Israelite covenant, when we were talking about Exodus.

我们已经将希提的纳贡条约作为以色列立约,的范本进行过研究，在我们讲解出埃及记的时候。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Some abstraction is also apparent in the shift from visual to aural imagery in describing God's self-manifestations or theophanies.

某些抽离在从纳贡者到听见神的自我宣称,或者神显的想像中也是十分明显的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

So Judah, the Southern Kingdom, is a tribute-paying vassal state to the Assyrian overlord. And of course there's a great deal of Assyrian cultural influence and religious influence in Judah as a result.

那么犹大，南部王国，是纳贡者-向亚述统治者,上交贡赋理所应当的，他们受到了许多亚述,文化和宗教影响。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

This idea may be rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern political sphere in which sovereigns would single out vassals for the status of special property; and in fact the word used is a word we do find in Exodus.

这个观点也许根植在古代近东的政治氛围中,统治者会将纳贡者独立出来放在特有财产的地位上,并且实际上用在这里的词是我们在,出埃及记中的看到的词语。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选