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She wrote a very compelling argument about O'Connor's fiction not about Wise Blood in particular, but about her stories.
她针对奥克纳小说写过一篇极有说服力的文章,并不只是针对《慧血》，而是针对奥克纳的所有故事。
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So, now, here's just a list for you: eight features of literary modernism that are all important to Nabokov.
现在我给大家一张列表,上面列举了八项对纳博科夫非常重要的文学现代主义的特征。
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Does anyone know the history of what Fibonacci was trying to do? Sorry, let me re-ask that. Fibonacci.
创始人是斐波纳契,有人知道斐波纳契想要干什么吗？抱歉，让我再问一次。
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It's a much more elaborate simile than that: "the broad circumference / hung on his shoulders like the Moon whose Orb / through Optic Glass the Tuscan Artist views.
这是一个更为精细的比喻：,“那个阔大的圆形物/好像一轮挂在他双肩的明月“,/就是那个托斯卡纳的大师“
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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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New Englanders know something about attachment to place, and so did people from the low country, South Carolina.
新英格兰居民对家乡有着深切的眷恋,位于低地区域的南卡罗来纳人也一样
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The head of the expedition to Troy, Agamemnon, the sort of generalissimo of that expedition is called Wanax.
特洛伊远征队的首脑,阿伽门农,当时这类大统帅被称为瓦纳克斯
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One is Dubna in the former Soviet Union in Russia, one is in Darmstadt in Germany and the third one is in the United States in Berkeley.
一个是在杜布纳，位于前苏联的俄国，一个在德国的达姆施塔特,第三个是在美国的伯克利。
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And he was from Normandy, he lived near Cannes in Normandy, and they found him eating clams and things for survival on the beach.
他是诺曼底的,他住在诺曼底的嘎纳附近,他们发现他,在海滩上吃那些贝类充饥
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I write it out in a verse-- MacDonagh and MacBride And Connolly and Pearse Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born.
我在诗中把它表达出来-,麦克多纳和麦克布莱德,还有康诺利和皮尔斯,现在，或是将来，那所有披上绿色的地方，一切都变了，彻底变了：,一种惊人的美已经诞生。
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I bought every Rand McNally and every single map that I could find.
我买了每个兰德麦克纳利导航仪和,每张我能找到的地图。
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He will have his section on Tuesday night in Dunham Lab, in Room 220.
他主持的课程讨论,每周二举行,地点是邓纳姆实验室220室
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So, where is Nabokov in here? I think that's one of the places where Nabokov is. It's Nabokov meditating on this problem.
那么，在这一段中纳博科夫在哪里呢？我，认为这是他所,存在的一个地方，纳博科夫正在沉思这个问题。
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And Nabokov says: The students leaned heavily on emotional identification, action, and the social, economic and historical angle.
纳博科夫说：学生严重倾向于：,情感上的共鸣、动作、,社会、经济和历史角度。
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So, this is Nabokov's beautiful evocation of how writer and reader meet at the summit of this misty mountain of the imagination.
那么，这就是纳博科夫的美好呼唤，是关于读者和作者,如何在想像的巅峰相遇。
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So, there are multiple ways, at multiple levels, that Nabokov is defending his work in this afterword. For one thing, he insults the publishers.
因此，在这篇后记中，纳博科夫在多种不同层面上,为他的作品辩护，一方面，他侮辱他的出版商。
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And then we moved to some general introductions to some foundational ideas in the study of psychology, Freud and Skinner.
接着我为大家概要地介绍了,一些基本的心理学知识,介绍了弗洛伊德和斯金纳的学说。
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And in fact, Skinner explicitly made the analogy from the natural selection of species to the natural selection of behavior.
实际上，斯金纳也确实明确地,对物种的自然选择,同行为的自然选择进行过类比。
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On the other hand, the critic Michael Wood has pointed out that Nabokov didn't lose Russian. He didn't lose it on the way while he was riding the boat; he decided to stop writing in it.
另一方面，批评家，迈克尔·伍德指出,纳博科夫没有完全失去俄语，当他划船的时候,他意识到这点，他决定停止写作。
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The simile is there ostensibly to compare Satan with the great sea beast, leviathan. In the comparison of Satan's shield with the moon is the figure of the Tuscan artist, the Tuscan artist being Galileo.
这个明喻很明显是将撒旦和凶猛的海中野兽利维坦，进行了对比，在把撒旦的庇护和月亮的比较之中,突出了那个托斯卡纳艺术家的形象，伽利略。
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And if you look on that page, about in the middle, this is Enoch describing his foster mother: "'This woman was hard to get along with.
如果你翻到小说中间的那页，这就是阿纳克,对他养母的描述，你总是难以与这个女人相处。
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Today, I'm going to pick up on some of those other scenes that he mentions as his secret points of delight in the novel.
今天，我将与你们分享一些,有关纳博科夫提及的其它令他愉悦的,小说里的神秘场景。
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So Nabokov imbues that state of impersonality with certain kinds of emotion and then asks the reader to be as impersonal as that modernist artist also must be.
所以纳博科夫用某些特定的情感,来营造非个人化的境界,让读者像现代主义艺术家那样非个人化。
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Now, I want to look at page 231, 232. This is one of those passages that Nabokov points out as being special to him. This is Lolita playing tennis.
现在让我们跳到231，232页，这是纳博科夫提到的,对于他有特殊意义的一段，它描述了洛丽塔打网球的场景。
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He says these are the scenes, and I want you to keep those scenes in mind.
纳博科夫说这就是他心中的场景，我希望你们记住它们。
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So, to illustrate Skinnerian theory in operant conditioning, I'll give an example of training a pig.
为了说明斯金纳的操作性条件作用理论，我会给大家举一个训练猪的例子。
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But Skinner doesn't literally mean that when we talk to ourselves somebody gives us food pellets.
但斯金纳并不是在说,当我们自言自语时,会有人给我们食物小丸吃。
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And this is the thing, this is the theory championed and developed most extensively by Skinner.
是这样的，斯金纳支持这个理论,并在很大程度上发展了这个理论。
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And in that essay she argues that O'Connor's grotesqueness, especially the grotesqueness of the women figures in her novels, is all wrapped up with the culture of southern womanhood.
在那篇论文里，她主张奥克纳所描写的丑陋，尤其是她小说里女人丑陋的形象，都与南部女子气质的文化有关。
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