These are very deep lesions that go not just on the surface of your skin like a blister would, but down into the dermis or deeper layers of the skins, as well.

这些伤非常深,它们不仅像水泡那样存在于皮肤表面,还深入到真皮层或者皮下更深的地方

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, they developed this bifurcated tool, which would be appl--you'd put the stuff on the surface of the tool and then you'd scratch the skin in a certain way so that you could produce sort of a reproducible introduction of the vaccine into the skin.

所以他们发明了一种分为两叉的工具,把疫苗抹在这种工具表面上,然后以某种方式在皮肤上刮,这样就能将疫苗,重复不断地引入到皮下

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选