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When we measure EKG's, what we're measuring is the activity of all these cells within our heart performing action potentials.
当我们做心电图的时候,我们所测量的是心脏内能发出,动作电位的细胞的活动状态
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So if you have a bad heart, then a scientist can take like, cells from your leg,
所以，如果你心脏不好，科学家就可以从你的腿上提取干细胞，
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It might not have been one of the parts, one of the fundamental parts from which I'm built, like the heart.
永存的甚至可能不是,那些构成我身体的基础部件,比如我的心脏
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This first slide shows a graph of the impact of having metabolic syndrome on heart disease and its consequences.
这张图表明了代谢综合征,对心脏病的影响以及造成的结果
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Once in a while you'll have to talk to your neighbor and say, "Can you please pass me my pacemaker that fell down?"
有时候你需要对你旁边的同学说,你能帮我捡一下我的心脏起搏器吗
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If you could image how the heart is moving, you would know a lot about its function.
如果你对心脏进行动态造影,你就会了解它的很多功能了
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So, we have a certain mode of talking about things that we own or things that are close to us "My arm, my heart, my child, my car."
我们对我们所拥有的,或是与我们有关的事物,有着特定的表述模式,比如,"我的胳膊,我的心脏,我的孩子,我的爱车"
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The beat's kind of like the heartbeat.
节拍有点像心脏的跳动
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He released the arrow, it tore her belly, It cut through her insides, splitting the heart.
他放箭刺穿了她的肚皮，箭刺破她的内脏，心脏也破裂了。
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The sound of the guns carries inland, into the heart of England, and as it does it carries back also in time to Camelot and to "starlit Stonehenge."
枪声传入内陆，直接进入英格兰的心脏地区，在它这样做的同时它同时也及时传回,亚瑟王的宫殿还有星光闪耀的巨石阵“
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If the program works right here's what people said, 81% said pneumonia, 15% malaria, 2% cancer, and 2% heart disease.
如果程序没出错,你们的选择是这样的,81%选了肺炎,15%疟疾,2%癌症和2%心脏病
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After all, if you rip out your gun, shoot me in the heart, I bleed to death, we still have a human body in front of us.
毕竟你拔出枪,击中我的心脏,我失血而亡,我还是保持着肉体的形式
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Valvular disease is not uncommon in the world; we'll talk about that a little bit.
心脏瓣膜疾病在世界上是一种常见的疾病,我们会讲到一些相关的内容
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There was The Seven Country Study, which was like The Framingham Study, where heart disease risk factors were mentioned, but he also did a very famous study on people starving.
这里提到的七国研究,性质和弗明汉研究差不多,主要研究的是影响心脏病的危险因素,他还做了一项著名的关于人们挨饿的研究
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As a consequence, he and other researchers then started looking into the lifestyles of people in these various countries to see what might help explain these differences in heart disease.
看到这样的结果,凯斯和其他研究员,开始研究七个国家人们的生活方式,看看是什么原因造成了,心脏病发病率之间的差异
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These kinds of fats are not necessarily bad, and so things like olive oil in the diet tends to be protective and may explain some regional variations in rates of heart disease.
这些脂肪就不一定有害,所以饮食中橄榄油之类的对身体是有益的,这也解释了地域间心脏病发病率的差异
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I think engineers have a role to play in that, but it's not sort of classical Biomedical Engineering in the way that developing an artificial heart is where you can see that.
我认为工程师们,在其中扮演了重要角色,但它又不像传统生物医学工程那样,去研究人造心脏之类,实实在在的东西
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This is a picture of Bill Kannell on the right and Bill Castelli on the left who were physicians who were very prominent in this Framingham Heart Study over the years.
右边是比尔·堪奈尔的照片,左边是比尔·凯斯特利,他们都是这么多年弗明汉心脏病研究中,表现杰出的医生
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So, there's a continuum of electrical connection in the heart that allows an action potential to sweep across the surface of the heart and for the heart to beat in a coordinated fashion.
所以 心脏细胞有电偶联的连结组织,以使动作电位平稳在细胞表面传递,保证心脏的协调性跳动
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Those same estimates say that if you could turn that around, that if the world could eat the recommended level of fruits and vegetables, that you'd reduce the prevalence of heart disease by 31%.
反过来说就是,如果大家都能食用适量的水果和蔬菜,那心脏病的普遍性将降低31%
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It's--that's a very different process than testing a drug, where if you had a drug for heart disease, you would give it to patients that had heart disease and see if you had an impact.
这与药物的临床试验截然不同,如果对一种治疗心脏病的药进行临床试验,你可以将药分发给,心脏病患者并观察药效
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Your stomach is a very complex organ that has a muscle layer, it has an epithelial layer which is the interface with food that comes in, and it also has a nervous system, so does the heart.
你的胃是一个非常复杂的器官,它拥有一个肌肉层,有一个与摄入的食物,相接触的表皮层,也有一套神经系统,心脏也有
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Imagine how much power it takes to drive an artificial heart, so you've got to have a battery or some way of generating power continuously to operate that and that makes it difficult to think about implantable and so that's a really good example of Biomedical Engineering.
驱动人工心脏所需要的能量是难以想像的,所以需要电池或者是某种持续发电装置,来给人工心脏提供能量,这就增加了人工心脏的植入难度,这是很好的生物医学工程的例子
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Development of an artificial heart, again another example of Biomedical Engineering, is something that people have been trying to accomplish for decades now, and this is the closest that we've come and there are many advantages of this particular artificial heart.
人造心脏技术的发展,是生物医学工程的另一个例子,科学家们,试图在这二十年中去改进它,而这是最接近成功的一个实例,这枚人造心脏有很多优点
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So you could have--be consuming fat that is in itself good for heart health let's say, or maybe protective against cancer in some ways, but it's also adding calories to the diet, so you want to have the optimal amount of fat and not over-consume it because of the calories.
所以你可能是在食用,有益于你心脏健康的脂肪,打个比方,又或是在某种程度上可以抗癌,但它也给你的饮食增加了热量,因此为了减少热量应该食用适量,而非过量的脂肪
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But the fact that reducing cholesterol is considered good for you in the first place, depends on these kinds of studies on population intake to know how much cholesterol people are eating and then link it to reports of heart disease, or cancer, or whatever the health outcome is.
但减少胆固醇这个事实,首先对你来说是好的,依据这些关于总体摄入量的研究可以知道,人们摄入胆固醇的多少,关系到心脏疾病,或癌症或其他健康问题
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You could take weights on people measured over a period of many years and look at the variability over time in weight and then link it to things like heart disease and cancer, and I'll come back later and talk about the results of that particular study.
我们还可以得到人们很长一段时间里,每年的体重数据,观察体重随着时间变化的变动,并将观察结果与心脏疾病和癌症联系起来,我等一下会告诉大家这项研究的结果
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Why not then say,similarly,even though my body's still alive, nothing wrong about removing the heart if the person is dead.
这样为什么不能说，即使肉体依然生存，但是个人已经死亡时摘除心脏是可以的。
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Okay, so one possibility is that if somebody is underweight that creates its own set of heart consequences.
好的,有一种可能性是体重过轻,本身会导致一系列的心脏问题
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You could potentially learn a lot about its function by looking at how it moves, not just a static picture of it.
你会有可能通过观察心脏的跳动,而不仅仅是通过静态的造影图,来了解它的功能
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