-
And we put up this hypothesis that our observation is that octet stability seems to be an attractive electron configuration.
我们把假设置于我们的观察之上,即8电子稳定体系,似乎是一种吸引人的电子图像。
-
The electronic configuration, all it is is the shorthand notation for that one electron approximation for the Schrodinger equation for lithium.
电子构型就是，对于锂的薛定谔方程,的单电子近似的,简化形式。
-
OK, so now we've got, taken an electron from that sulfur, put it here, an electron from that sulfur, put it here.
现在我们得到的是，从硫那儿得到一个电子，放在这儿，一来自于硫的电子，放在这儿。
-
That file was electronic message, so suddenly in about 1971, we had e-mail. So an e-mail was pretty much the major use of the internet for the next 20 years.
那种文件就是电子消息，如此突然的，约在,1971年，我们有了电子邮件，电子邮件,基本上是此后20年互联网的主要运用形式。
-
OK, elements with low average valence electron energy, and here I'm saying below 11 electron volts, these are good electron donors.
平均价电子能都较低的元素，我是指那些低于11电子伏的，这些是很好的电子给体。
-
Its average valence electron energy is 5.2 electron volts, which is a heck of a lot less than 11.
它的平均价电子能是,5。2电子伏，那比11电子伏要少得多。
-
Great. Yup, it's going to be an electron acceptor, it wants to accept electrons, it wants to accept electron density.
很好，没错，它将是一个电子的受主，它想要接收电子，接收电子密度。
-
Sodium has the electronic structure Now, that's not an octet, but it's not far.
钠的电子结构是,现在它还不是一个八电子结构，但差的并不多。
-
And we can also write this in an even simpler form, which is what's called electron configuration, and this is just a shorthand notation for these electron wave functions.
而且我们也可以将它，写为一个更简单的形式，它叫做电子构型,这个仅仅是这些电子波函数的。
-
And you see where the most electronegative elements are, and fluorine is the most electronegative of the active elements.
你找一下电子力最大的元素在哪，氟是活泼元素中,电子力最大的。
-
So, shared electrons are the ones that are shared between the carbon and the nitrogen, so we have 6 shared electrons, and we want to take 1/2 of that.
共用电子是那些在碳和氮之间,被它们共用的电子，那么我们有六个共用电子，然后我们要给它乘上二分之一。
-
So chlorine, if we talk about it in terms of electron affinity, we would be writing that we're actually gaining an electron here, and getting the ion, c l minus.
那么，氯，如果我们要讨论它的电子亲和能，我们会假设它真的得到了,一个电子而变成离子，负一价的氯。
-
He introduced the concept of electronegativity which was a measure, therefore, it is quantitative, of the atom's ability to attract electrons within a covalent bond and developed a scale of electronegativity.
他引入了电负性这一概念,一个反映着原子在成共价键时吸引电子的能力的数据标度，因此这是数量上的，在共价电子中,电子原子能吸引电子,并发展为一定规模的电负性。
-
So a plus two ion means that we're removing two electrons from the atom and the electrons that we're going to remove are always going to be the highest energy electrons.
一个2价正离子,我们要移除的两个电子,我们要移除的两个电子,将会是,最高能量的电子。
-
Likewise, the element that is a good electron acceptor in an electron transfer reaction is going to be the element that is going to hog the electrons in a covalent bond.
同样的，这个元素在一个电子转移反应中,是个很好的受赠者它将成为在共价电子,中吸引电子的元素。
-
And we give different names, depending on what kind of electrons we're dealing with, so, for example, with h c l here, we can talk about having bonded versus lone pair electrons.
我们还起了不同的名字，给我们要处理的不同类型的电子，以氯化氢为例，我们来介绍一下成键电子与孤对电子。
-
We are expecting to see that it decreases because it's feeling a stronger pull, all the electrons are being pulled in closer to the nucleus, so that atomic size is going to get smaller.
我们将看到它是减小的,因为电子会感受到越来越强的吸引力，所有的电子将会被原子核拉得越来越近，所以原子半径将越来越小。
-
This should make sense, because if an atom has a very high electron affinity, that means it's really happy taking an electron from another atom, or taking a free electron -- that that's very favorable.
这应该是合理的，因为如果一个原子有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着,它非常乐意从另外一个原子那里夺取一个电子，或者得到一个自由电子--这是非常利于发生的。
-
I left out the noble gases here because they do something a little bit special, and actually, I'm going to give you one last clicker question today to see if you can tell me what you think noble gases do.
我并没有把稀有气体算在里面,因为它们的电子亲和能有点特别，实际上，我将会把这作为今天的,最后一个选择题，来请大家告诉我,你们觉得稀有气体电子亲和能应该是怎样的。
-
So, basically any time we have a really high positive number of electron affinity, it means that that atom or ion really wants to gain another electron, and it will be very stable and happy if it does so.
因此，基本上无论什么时候,只要我们有一个很大的正的电子亲和能，这就意味着这个原子,或离子非常希望得到一个电子，如果它得到了，会变得更稳定更开心。
-
Well, if it is a good electron donor in an electron transfer reaction, if the same element finds itself in a covalent bond, it is going to be a good electron donor, although it is not full transfer.
如果它是一个在电子反应中,的好捐赠者，如果相同电子发现他在共价电子里，它将成为一个好的捐赠者，虽然没有完全转换。
-
Not only are we taking away an electron here, but we're also going to decrease shielding, so the electrons that are already in there are going to feel a higher z effective and will be pulling and the atom will be getting smaller.
这不只是因为我们拿走了一个电子，还因为我们这样做会减小屏蔽效应，这样留下的电子,将会感受到更大的有效核电量,也就会感受到更强的吸引力，使得原子变得更小。
-
So you might ask in terms of when you're writing electron configurations, which way should you write it.
所以你们可能会问当你们,在写电子构型的时候，在写电子构型的时候。
-
These are all isoelectronic, they all have the same electron configuration. And we can also think about going back to atomic size for a second.
这些都是等电子的，它们都有相同的电子排布，而,我们还可以再回想一下原子尺寸的概念。
-
So, selenium 2 minus is what's going to be isoelectronic, because if you add two electrons to selenium, you'll get the same electron configuration that you have for krypton here.
负二价的硒离子将是等电子的，因为如果你给硒原子加上两个电子，你会得到,和氪原子相同的电子排布。
-
And let's say our second electron now is really far away, such that it's actually not going to shield any of the nuclear charge at all from that first electron.
距离原子核非常非常近,我们说第二个电子处于非常远的位置,这样它不会对第一个电子,感受到的来自原子核的电荷量有任何屏蔽作用,我们最后要说的是。
-
And an electron is something where, i n fact, we might be able to, if we calculate it and see how that works out, actually observe some of its wave-like properties.
如果我们对电子做计算,并且知道如何算出来的,那么我们是可以观测到,电子的一些波动性质的。
-
So if you have some charge in the nucleus, but you also have repulsion with another electron, the net attractive charge that a given electron going to feel is actually less than that total charge in the nucleus.
所以如果在原子核中，有一些电荷但是你也有来自，另一个电子的排斥力,那么一个给定电子的,吸引电荷感觉到的事实上,小于原子核中的总电荷。
-
So, if we want to think about what the first ionization energy is of boron, what you want to do is write out the electron configuration, because then you can think about where it is that the electron's coming out of.
如果我们要考虑,硼的第一电离能，你首先要做的是写出它的电子排布，因为在这之后,你才能知道拿走的是哪里的电子。
-
So then, I could say that the average valence electron energy for oxygen would then be, I've got two s electrons.
所以，我可以说,氧的平均价电子能,就是，以我得到的两个s轨道的电子来算。
应用推荐