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Modest container theories, that is, say there's a value to being alive, but it can in principle be outweighed.
保守的有价值容器理论认为，活着有一定的价值，但是按道理它可以被超越。
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Well, here we're going to have, of course, more modest and more bold versions of the valuable container theory.
当然这时候出现了，较保守和较激进的有价值容器理论。
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And in fact, hazing through cognitive dissonance draws the inference that this is really, really valuable and this is why it exists.
事实上，根据认识失调来运用欺负新人这个手段得出一个结论,这个理论非常有价值，这就是为什么它会存在。
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And doesn't Hobbes' materialism and his sort of mechanistic theory of nature seem to detract from any inherent worth ? of the individual?
难道霍布斯的唯物主义和,他的自然的机械理论,似乎有损于,个人的价值吗？
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And so it's a mistake, according to strong theories of rights, it's a mistake to think about justice or law by just adding up preferences and values.
这些强有力的权利理论认为，下列看法是错误的,不该只以偏好和价值的加总,来考虑公正或法律。
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Modern poetry arises, in Eliot's case, with the death of God, with the loss of a theological justification for life, with a sense of disenchantment, a sense of depletion, depletion of meaning and value.
在艾略特而言，现代诗歌的兴起，与对上帝信仰的消失，以及对生活不再在理论使其合理化，及人们的觉醒，对意义和价值的耗尽是相伴相随的。
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Notice that on the modest view, if we ask ourselves, ? would it have been good to be immortal?
在保守价值容器理论的前提下，如果我们问自己，永生是否是好事？
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But even in those moments when I'm drawn towards valuable container theories, it's always the modest version.
但即便是在那些时刻,即便是在我赞同有价值容器理论时，我赞同的通常是保守价值的说法。
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We could call this the "fantastic valuable container theory" as opposed to the "modest valuable container theory."
我们可以称之为“理想价值容器理论“,它与“保守价值容器理论“形成对照“
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We could say that what I've been presupposing up to this point " is the "neutral container theory" of the value of life.
到目前为止我阐述的前提是,生命价值的“中性容器理论。
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They're interesting enough that they can be tested and as such they go to--they might be wrong but they graduate to the level of a scientific theory.
这些极富价值的理论是非常值得去验证的,也许它们本身有可能是错的,但是它们却是科学的理论。
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And we need to ask in the case of higher or worthier pleasures are there theories of the good life that can provide independent moral standards for the worth of pleasures?
我们要问，就更高的或更有价值的快乐而言,是否存在“良善生活“的理论,能为快乐的价值,提供独立的道德标准？
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And even if we accept the valuable container theory, and so we say, " "Hah, you know, being alive per se is worth something as well."
如果我们接受有价值容器理论，我们会说，“活着本身也是有价值的“
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Now, think about what it would mean ? to accept a valuable container theory.
现在想想它的意义,接受有价值容器理论的意义为何。
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First half of the class, metaphysics; second half of the class, value theory.
前半学期，形而上学;,后半学期，价值理论。
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I find the fantastic valuable container theory fantastic in the sense of incredible.
我觉得理想价值容器理论,理想到令人难以置信。
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So, these are "valuable container" theories.
所以，这些是“有价值容器理论。
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We're about to turn to value theory.
我们将讨论价值理论。
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Because, of course, if you're a modest, if you accept the modest version of the valuable container theory, then if the contents get bad enough, that can outweigh the positive value of life.
因为如果你是个保守者，如果你接受保守价值容器理论，那么如果生活内容极为糟糕，它便超越了活着的正数。
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And what we now see is that-- to see whether that could be the case or not, we've got to get clear in our own minds about whether we believe in a neutral container theory, ... a positive, valuable container theory or-- and among those, between a fantastic and a modest container theory.
现在我们可以看到-,情况是不是这样，我们就要想清楚,我们相信的是中性容器理论，是积极的有价值容器理论还是-,有价值容器理论中的，理想容器理论或保守容器理论。
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Now, if that's the sort of thing you know about Freud, you are not going to have a very high opinion of him or of his work, but at the core of Freud's declamation, the more interesting ideas, is a set of claims of a man's intellectual importance.
如果大家对于弗洛伊德的了解仅限于此，一定不会对他及其学说给予太高的评价，不过弗洛伊德理论的核心，也是更有价值的观点，是一系列关于人类理性的主张。
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Now, the most natural thing to suggest would be, well, you get clear on your favorite theory about the value of life, whatever that is.
现在，提出的最自然的事情就是，你弄明白你最喜欢的,有关生命价值的理论，不管是什么。
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I can't bring myself to believe it, I have some sympathies for valuable container theories, but I also have some sympathy for neutral container theories.
我无法让自己去相信它，我有点赞同有价值容器理论，但是我也有点赞同中性容器理论。
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And roughly, the second half of the class is going to be value theory.
差不多，课程的第二部分是价值理论。
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But if you accept a valuable container theory, you have to add something more.
但是如果你接受有价值容器理论，你就得添加额外的东西。
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Different theories might have different explanations as to-- are these things valuable because we want them, ? or do we want them because we recognize they're valuable?
不同的理论可能会有不同的解释-,这些东西有价值是因为我们想得到它们，还是我们知道这些东西有价值所以才想要？
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And then we'll turn to value questions.
然后，我们转入价值理论。
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Now, in thinking about these points, ... in effect I'm suggesting that the value of your life-- so ,we previously were talking about different theories of well-being ? and what makes for the best kind of life.
考虑这些观点的时候，实际上我建议你的生命价值-,我们之前谈到了,幸福的各种理论,即最美好的生活是怎样的。
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After all, a blade of grass is alive, and I presume that even fans of the, what we might call valuable container theories, don't think that, " "Oh, wouldn't it be wonderful if-- " as long as I was alive in the way that a blade of grass is alive."
毕竟，一片草叶也是活着的，我觉得就算是，有价值容器理论的粉丝们，也不会认为，“活着不是很棒吗-,“即便是像一片草叶那样活着“
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.. Because we also have to add in, if we accept a valuable container theory, we also have to add in some extra positive points to take account of the fact that, well, at least you're alive or have the life or a person-- or whatever it is that you think is valuable in and of itself.
因为我们还要添加，如果我们接受有价值容器理论的话，我们还要添加一些额外的正数,你要考虑，你至少活着或者拥有人的生命-,或任何你觉得它本身有价值的东西。
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