You don't have to say that having the very same soul is the key to being the very same person.

你不必下结论说,只有拥有同样的灵魂,才能成为同一个人。

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So let's ask ourselves, "Are there things that we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain these things about us?"

所以让我们扪心自问,有没有这样的现象,需要我们诉诸于灵魂,才能对其作出合理的解释

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It takes all of the premises of the argument to get the conclusion that the soul exists.

只有这个论证的所有前提都成立,才能得出灵魂存在的结论

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Maybe there are certain supernatural things about communication from the dead or near-death experiences that need to be explained in terms of the soul.

也许有某些超自然的关于,亡者或是弥留之人的交流,或是,濒死体验,需要借助灵魂才能解释得通

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And so, Socrates' friends ask him, how can we be confident that the soul will survive the death of the body and indeed be immortal?

于是苏格拉底的朋友们就问他,如何才能使我们确信,灵魂会在肉体的消亡中幸存,并且是真正的永生的呢

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The claim was,you needed to believe in souls in order to explain all that.

这种说法就是，要相信灵魂的存在才能解释那一切。

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So if the argument's going to be, "We need to posit the existence of a soul in order to explain creativity," Again, that just seems wrong.

所以如果这个论证要说,我们必须假定灵魂的存在,才能解释创造力,再一次,这看起来是错误的

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If souls can't split,it can only follow one half of the brain, and that's why we'll get somebody that's got one half, sometimes the other half,but never both halves.

如果灵魂不能分割，只跟随一半大脑，才能有只有其中一个得到半个大脑的人存活，而没有两人同时存活的状况。

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According to the soul-theory argument for soul, rather,according to the argument for souls, you needed to believe in souls in order to explain how you could have a person.

根据灵魂理论的说法，或宁可说是灵魂作用的说法，人需要相信灵魂的存在才能解释作为人的存在。

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One group of arguments for the existence of a soul says, "We need to posit a soul in order to explain something, whether it's something everyday or something supernatural."

主张灵魂存在的一方声称,我们必须假设灵魂存在,才能解释一些,司空见惯或是超自然的现象

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And it's because of that that I think we shouldn't be dismissive of the dualist when the dualist says, "We've got to believe in souls in order to explain it."

正因如此,我认为我们不应该轻视二元论者,当他们说,我们只有相信灵魂才能解释这些

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This tightly connected set of facts about us-- beliefs, desires, reasoning, strategizing, planning-- you need to appeal to a soul"-- so the argument goes--; "You need to appeal to a soul to explain that.

这些与我们自身联系紧密的东西,信仰,欲望,论证,谋略,规划,非得诉求灵魂才能解释,这个论点于是变成这样,你需要诉诸灵魂来解释这些

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one important argument was,or really family of arguments was, you need to believe in souls in order to explain why bodies are animated, why people are rational,how they can have personalities, how they can be creative,and so forth.

一个或一系列很重要的说法就是，要相信灵魂的存在才能解释身体的活动，为什么人会有理性和人格，为什么有创造力，诸如此类。

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And what the physicalist would need to do for each one of those-- For each one of those you can imagine a dualist who says, "We need to believe in a soul so as to explain seances.

对于这些东西,物理主义者该怎么做,对于这些,你可以想到二元论者会说,我们需要相信有灵魂才能解释通灵

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I've gone through a series of such arguments, and the one that we ended with last time was the suggestion that we need to believe in the existence of a soul in order to explain the fact that we've got free will.

我已经讲过一系列这样的论证,上次课结束时我提到的一个论证认为,我们只有相信灵魂存在,才能解释我们拥有自由意志这一事实

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