Kinases can, in many cases, serve as a mechanism for switching a protein on or switching a protein off.

激酶能够,在很多情况下,能够激活一种蛋白或者关闭一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

What a kinase enzyme does is that it recognizes this protein, and for example, the tyrosine that's on the protein.

激酶能够识别这类蛋白,例如,包含酪氨酸的蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, if this kinase happens to turn this protein on then you would like to have a mechanism to turn it off as well.

那么在激酶激活蛋白质后,你会希望有一种方法能够使它失活

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It generates a kinase activity which leads to phosphorylation of the protein.

它产生了一种激酶活性,导致了受体蛋白的磷酸化

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That's a very simplified version of why kinases are important.

这就是激酶为什么如此重要的原因

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Another family is receptor tyrosine kinases, I'll show another picture in a moment that tells you more about what a kinase is, but a kinase is basically an enzyme that can add a phosphorous to another molecule.

另一类是酪氨酸激酶受体,马上我给你们看另一张图,这张图会更详细地告诉你们激酶是什么,激酶是一种能够,向其他分子上添加磷酸基团的酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.

在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are 100 of these molecules, when a receptor gets activated a kinase activity gets activated, the kinase acts on the protein, the protein gets switched on, something new starts to happen inside the cell.

有一百个这样的分子,当受体被激活,激酶被激活后,激酶作用于蛋白,使蛋白活化,细胞中就会发生一些新变化

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I did want to say a little bit more about kinases because they're so important in intracellular communication and kinases take advantage of the fact that proteins can often exist in more than one state, and that's what makes them useful molecules inside cells.

关于激酶我想再多讲一点,因为它们对细胞内通讯十分重要,因为激酶的优越之处在于,这种蛋白通常不只有一种状态,这也令它们在细胞中的用处极大

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Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.

胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选