Still, I never went in, but for all that I might have something helpful to say about what it's like in France.

确实我从未踏进那片土地,即便如此,这仍有助于我谈论,法国是个什么样的国家

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

In Europe, if you go to like, any country like France, maybe Spain,

在欧洲，如果你去，像法国这样的国家，也许是西班牙，

就业很难 - SpeakingMax英语口语达人

They share those things in common, which is not to say that a country like France wasn't urbanized.

这是他们两国的共同点,但也不是说,像法国这样的国家没有城市化

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Dimson, Marsh and Staunton look at the following countries: Belgium, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Japan, Switzerland, Ireland, Denmark, Netherlands, UK, Canada, U.S., South Africa, Australia, and Sweden.

蒂姆森,马什和斯汤顿研究了下列国家,有比利时,意大利,德国,法国,西班牙,日本,瑞士,冰岛,丹麦,荷兰,英国,加拿大,美国,南非,澳大利亚和瑞典

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Despite all of the--Mitterrand's plans for decentralization, and the creation of regional councils, basically France remains the most centralized state in Western Europe, and the role of Paris in French life does not have an equivalent in other European countries.

尽管密特朗计划在法国实施,去中央集权化并创立地方议会,法国基本上还是西欧,中央集权化程度最高的国家,巴黎在法国的地位是欧洲其它国家的城市,所不能比拟的

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

But they identified large standing armies with France with France or with the Spain of Phillip II or with Prussia or with Russia.

然而他们往往把拥有大量陆军武装,与法国或者菲利普二世的西班牙,或者普鲁士,俄国等国家相联系

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

It wasn't only in Sweden, Austria, Russia, France, etc. where you found this.

不仅在瑞典,奥地利,俄罗斯,法国等国家是这样

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Louis XIII helped expand the compelling course of structures of the French state.

他大力推进了法国国家建构的进程

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

So, the size of the armies for these megalomaniac wars, these dynastic wars between Austria and France and then they changed partners in 1756, and all of this business.

随着战争的规模也日益增大,各国争相扩军,例如法国与奥地利之间的王朝战争,这两个国家在1756年成为盟友,战争也随之结束了

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Part of this reconstructing of national identity often has as much to do with who you're not, not absolute, not Catholic, not French as it does with you who imagine yourself to be.

对国家认同感的重建,一定程度上基于你不是什么,即不是独裁者,不是天主教,不是法国人,这点和自身定位同样至关重要

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Even though decentralized England expands its bureaucracy and collected taxes much more efficiently than across the channel in France, state-making involved more officials there.

即使是在分权的英国 官僚政府也日益扩大,他们比海峡对岸的法国有着更多苛捐杂税,现代国家的形成需要更多的官员

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And that this terrified elites in much of Europe and had the same equivalent of what the Fronde did for scaring elites in France.

就像是投石党运动吓坏了法国精英一样,宗教战争吓坏了欧洲许多国家的精英

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Given the very different route that Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden and France went with a centralization of absolute rule, why did it work out so differently for England/Britain and the Netherlands?

在选择政体时,当普鲁士,奥地利,俄国,瑞典,法国,都伴随着中央集权走上绝对主义国家的道路,为什么英国和荷兰会如此与众不同呢

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

He transforms Russia into an European absolute monarchy with much in common with Frederick the Great, with Sweden, with Austria, the Austria of the Hapsburgs, with Spain, and with France.

他将俄国变成一个欧洲君主专制国家,同腓特烈大帝非常类似,也与瑞典,奥地利,哈布斯王朝的奥地利,西班牙 以及法国类似

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And one of the reasons why France ends up with a republic, and not a monarchy,is because these prefects who represent the Republic can go into conservative regions and say, "hey,we didn't really like the way the elections came out last time; your municipal council, uh-uh-uh,a lot of monarchists there.

这也是为什么最终法国成为共和国,而没有成为君主制国家的原因,是因为,代表共和政体的省长可以去守旧地区并说,"嘿,我们并不喜欢上次的选举方式,你们的城市议会,有太多的拥护君主制度者了

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选