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And they go through these arguments, and they find venture money to fund the company, and they get very famous people to endorse them, etcetera.
然后他们就这些论证展开讨论，找风险投资,来资助其公司，还找著名人士,来支持他们，等等等等。
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Namely, that he was concerned about inequality, about some people doing badly, and he proposed an economic alternative that would pool risks.
换句话说，他也关心不平等现象，关心生活艰苦的人们，并且提出了另一种经济方案,来汇聚风险。
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And the activation in another area of the brain, the interna insula that would help us to put the oppisite choice of the bond running away from risk.
而大脑中另一区域的活动，即岛叶内部活动，可以帮助我们作出相反决策,即选择“债券“来远离风险。
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In other words, lower the amount insured below the actual value of the house to prevent moral hazard.
换句话说，将房屋的保险价值低估于其实际价值,以此来防范道德风险。
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We can't just smash things and start all over, we have to design a system of risk management.
而不是简单地打破一切再重新来过，我们应当设计一个好的风险管理体系。
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The Fed is taking on a serious risk in doing this because these assets that it takes on in exchange for Treasury securities could fail.
美联储这样做很有风险,因为这些他们作为国库证券交换来的,资产可能是个烂摊子。
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We're not going to do that in a Robin Hood way, but in finance we're going to do that in a systematic way through risk management.
我们不能像罗宾汉那样来达到那样的目的,但在金融领域,我们将通过,系统的风险管理来实现
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It really is probability theory and the idea of spreading risk through risk pooling.
就是概率论,以及通过风险汇聚来分摊风险
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As a matter of fact,there might not even be a benchmark against which you can measure results and you'd think about the venture capital world.
事实上,甚至也许没有一个指标,能用来衡量这些市场的投资结果,想想风险投资领域
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We want to share things, but we want to get more scientific about how we share things and that means-- and we want to be effective.
我们才想要分摊风险，但我们得用更科学的方式,也可说是更有效率的方式-,来分摊风险。
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I actually believe in the history of the planet, there are very, very few instances of people getting paid for taking risk; they get paid for eliminating it.
我一直相信在人类的历史上，有非常少的例子来证明人们,因为承担风险而获得了收益；,他们是因为规避了风险而收益。
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Well, they would probably agree that we'd do some risk-sharing, right?
也许会达成共识,我们来分摊风险，对吧？
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It means we really haven't done anything-- that's an exaggeration-- we've done very little to manage risks that individuals or that countries face, for that matter, or even individuals face.
这意味着我们面对冲击无动于衷-,这有点夸张-,我们只做了很少努力,来管理个人，或国家面临的风险。
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It's a huge amount of money that they're managing, but I was trying to convince them that they should do something to manage their oil risks because they're way over-invested in oil.
他们管理着一大笔钱，不过我试图说服他们,采取一些措施来应对他们手里石油的风险,因为他们过于侧重在石油上的投资。
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.. The problem is again the ideal-- they're trying to work toward what I think of an ideal that we see in finance-- 1 mainly, the perfect correlation of consumption and the elimination of risk--we all help each other.
问题又回到了理想-,他们为之奋斗的这种理想状态,如果用金融学的理念来解读-,就是消费与风险消除的相关系数为,即完全正相关，所有人都互助互利。
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They have risks that their overhead won't cover their risk is that a steady stream of people won't come and be making a steady stream of bets at which each of them has a slightly negative expectation.
他们的风险是能否支付管理费用,他们的风险是不再有稳定的客流来消费,同时每一个人都怀着一丝消极的期待,下源源不断的赌注。
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The problem is that if you want to do risk-sharing, you're not, ideally, sharing with someone who's just like you living in Israel, working in a certain agricultural industry-- because there are lots of risks that you've already shared.
如果你真的想要达到风险分摊的效果，理论上说，就不应该只和与你的同伴,比如同住在以色列，一样从事农业的人来分摊-,因为你们承担的许多风险是正相关的。
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Non-obvious ideas were conceived of to solve these problems of long-term risks and to get around the psychological barriers imposed by framing biases and psychological biases, in order to allow people to actually manage the risk and to get around moral hazard.
解决方法需要被研究并发掘,来处理长期风险问题,避开由于框架效应,引起的心理障碍，能够使人们真正控制风险,规避道德风险。
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