What about Mill's attempt to account for the especially weighty character of individual rights and justice in chapter five of Utilitarianism.

那么穆勒在《功利主义》,第五章中提到的,个人权利和公正重要性的解释，又是否成立呢。

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Robert Nozick, one of the libertarian philosophers we read for this course, puts it this way: Individuals have rights.

罗伯特·诺齐克，本课涉及到的一位自由主义哲学家,是这样说的：,个人有权利。

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Southern pro-slavery defenders are much more likely to stress a human's duty, than they're ever to stress a human's rights.

南方的亲奴主义者们,相比较人类的权利而言,更加强调人类的义务

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

Bourgeois and burghers, as I said last time, are urban residents who are losing their privileges on the continent to big-time absolute states.

中产阶级和市民,正如我上次所讲的,这些城市居民是那些在欧洲大陆,被绝对主义国家剥夺权利的人

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So what this line of reasoning brings us to is the fundamental principle that underlies the libertarian case for rights.

这些推理把我们带回到,自由主义的权利主张,所隐含的基本原则。

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So justice is higher, individual rights are privileged, but not for reasons that depart from utilitarian assumptions.

所以公正是更高级的，个体权利是种特权，但并不能出于功利主义假设之外的理由。

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So the idea that rights are unalienable seems to distance Locke from the libertarian.

因此权利不可剥夺的观点,似乎将洛克和自由主义者区分开了。

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The strong rights theory we turn to today is libertarianism.

我们今天要讨论的权利理论是自由主义。

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One has to do with whether utilitarianism adequately respects individual rights or minority rights, and the other has to do with the whole idea of aggregating utility or preferences or values.

一点是关于，功利主义,是否充分尊重个体和少数的权利，另一点是关于,加总功利，或偏好，或价值的看法。

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Suppose the utilitarian calculus in the long run works out as he says it will such that respecting people's rights is a way of making everybody better off in the long run.

假设如他所说，长远来看,功利主义演算真能实现,即尊重个人权利,从长远来看，真的能让大家都获益。

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Libertarianism takes individual rights seriously.

自由主义非常重视个人权利。

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John C. Calhoun, one of the great intellectual architects of Southern distinctiveness or Southern sectionalism, and certainly of Southern States' Rights doctrine, was very much an American nationalist, at least in the early parts of his career.

约翰·卡胡恩,最重要的南方特性学,或南方地方主义知识体系建构者之一,当然也参与了南方各州的权利学说的构建,他是一个典型的美国民族主义者,至少在他职业生涯的早期是

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选

In 1859, Mill wrote a famous book on liberty, the main point of which was the importance of defending individual rights and minority rights, and in 1861, toward the end of his life, he wrote the book we read as part of this course, "Utilitarianism."

859年穆勒写了本关于自由的名著，书里的主要观点是,争取个体和少数群体权利的重要性，1861年，在晚年时期，他写了《功利主义》，这也属于本课的阅读资料“

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