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So, France has this provisional government-- you can read about this stuff, it's not that interesting; well, it's passionately interesting.
法国的临时政府,你会读到相关资料的,它没什么意思,好吧,它非常有激情有意思
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So there's a German house and a French house and a Spanish house and an international house,
所以有德国房和法国房和西班牙房和一个国际房，
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It can't be that he's got mixed together memories of growing up in France and memories of growing up in Detroit.
他不可能拥有混合的记忆，既有在法国长大的回忆,也有底特律长大的回忆。
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The central banks still exist so you still have the Bank of France the Deutsche Bundesbank etc.
中央银行仍然存在,所以我们现在仍然有法国银行,德意志银行等等。
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This will be important to try and understand the French revolution, La Revolution francaise, that there's a difference between absolutism and despotism.
这个观点对于尝试理解法国大革命很重要,绝对主义和专制主义是有区别的
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There was a sense that she'll never be from the village, she's from somewhere else; but, sometime between 1750 and maybe 1990 most-- almost everybody in France began seeing themselves as French.
就是有一种感觉,她从来也不是本村人,她是外地来的,但是,在1750年到最晚1990年之间的某段时间,基本上所有在法国的人都认为自己是法国人
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For the first time"--this was, of course, the French aristocrat de Tocqueville "For the first time we have had the chance to examine the effect that slavery produces on a society.
第一次",这位托克维尔即是,法国的那位贵族德·托克维尔,"第一次我们有机会仔细观察,奴隶制对一个社会造成的影响
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You might have a particularly positive stereotype about your own group even if your own group is Yale students or your own group is people from France or your own group is people from such and so college.
你可能对自己的群体,有积极的刻板印象,不管你的群体是指耶鲁的学生,还是来自法国的人,或者你的群体是某某大学的学生。
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Who is the third year in biology, chemistry, have film experience and French film classsics.
你是三年级的，修生物和化学，有上过电影课和法国经典电影。
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That's right. I feel like, correct me if I'm wrong here, it seems to me there is a particular opportunity for Muslims in America in a sense of, unlike say France, where there is a real like no head scarves in the school.
是的，我个人觉得，似乎对在美国的穆斯林而言,有一个特别的机遇，不像在法国那里学校里面都禁止佩戴头巾。
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We got people from India, from France, some from England, though not so many.
我们有印度人、法国人、英格兰人，虽然人不多。
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Well how much sense does it make to ship water to the U.S. from France?
从法国进口水到美国有意义吗
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There is regional cheese that comes from only certain areas in France.
在法国，有产自特定地方的芝士。
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But,he viewed "hereditary monarchy" as the unique port of salvation- that's a very religious image--that could save France.
不过,他把"世袭君主政体",当作是唯一的避风港,那是很有宗教色彩的,它可以拯救法国
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There's the person Napoleon,a space-time worm that came to an end in France.
有一个叫拿破仑的人，一个时空蠕虫在法国寿终正寝。
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In 1875 there's an amendment to the Constitution that essentially- voted by one vote,or approved by one vote, by the Assembly--that essentially transforms France into a Republic.
875年有个宪法修正案,本质上--,它在一次议会投票表决中,得到了支持--本质上把法国变成了共和国
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Now,every time there's a big time political disaster, from the point of view of the Catholic Church in France, it's followed by a period of religious revival.
于是,每当天主教会看到法国政治格局,有重大的变盘,紧接着就会兴起宗教复兴
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And you'll have fun, you'll learn a lot about France, I'll tell you that. Okay, one theme I'm interested in is-- well let me tell you about lectures, first of all.
过程会很有趣,你会学到很多关于法国的事,我会告诉你的,有一个我感兴趣的主题是,我先给你讲讲上课的事
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And so I can--a great deal after all, 20 years-- I can give you a pretty good idea of what it's like to live in France, even if I didn't move there for the rest of my life without ever coming back."
所以我可以,毕竟二十年还是有很多,关于住在法国是什么样的感觉,我可以给你很好的描述,就算在我的有生之年我再也不会,搬回法国
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And there's some amazing scenes in it where they shave the heads of horizontal collaborators, which is sort of a crude way of talking about French women who slept with German officers-- horizontal collaboration. And at the end of the movie, there was Maurice Chevalier.
有一些很棒的镜头,给那些卧床法奸剃头,这是一种很粗鲁的说法形容那些,和德国军官上床的法国女人,卧床法奸,在电影最后,有莫里斯·舍瓦利埃
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Now,Gambetta,who was a smart guy who dies very young, he said that France became a republic because most of the people wanted a republic and they didn't want a monarchy, and that's all there was to it.
甘贝塔,一个英年早逝的聪明人,认为法国能成为共和国,是因为大部分人想要有一个共和国,他们不要君主国,那就是全部理由
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And one of the reasons why France ends up with a republic, and not a monarchy,is because these prefects who represent the Republic can go into conservative regions and say, "hey,we didn't really like the way the elections came out last time; your municipal council, uh-uh-uh,a lot of monarchists there.
这也是为什么最终法国成为共和国,而没有成为君主制国家的原因,是因为,代表共和政体的省长可以去守旧地区并说,"嘿,我们并不喜欢上次的选举方式,你们的城市议会,有太多的拥护君主制度者了
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Even if you come home about two or 2:30 in the morning near our apartment you can still see rather large rats dashing across the street; some of them look so bloated they look like sangliers, or wild boar, which you can see occasionally in parts of rural France.
如果你是在凌晨两点或两点半回家,在你家附近,仍会有来回乱窜的特大号老鼠,你偶尔可以在法国的乡下看到,一些老鼠大得像野猪
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There was a famous case in the 1970s or '80s, there was a family called Trognon, and a trognon is a cigarette butt, and when they tried to adopt a baby, it would be called, let's say Jean-Philippe Trognon, they said,"oh,no, that baby would be damaged by having such a last name; you don't have the right to adopt this baby."
在上世纪七八十年代有一个出名的案例中,这家人姓特鲁侬,意思是香烟屁股,他们想要领养一个婴儿,取名为,简·菲利佩·特鲁侬,法国人说,不不,取这样一个名字有损于这个婴儿,你们不能领养这个孩子
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And,so,the departments,along with the railroads and along with better roads also,and the banking network, increases the centralization of the French State.
各省由铁路相连,当然也有公路和银行系统,以加强法国的中央集权
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By the 1690s, 150,000 soldiers. The French army, which was then in the 1690s 180,000 people.
到了17世纪90年代,规模扩大到十五万人,而那个时期的法国军队有十八万人
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No, no, no, there's a French actress describing about how he was avoiding to this.
不是，有一个法国女演员描述,他怎样避免这些。
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Dimson, Marsh and Staunton look at the following countries: Belgium, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Japan, Switzerland, Ireland, Denmark, Netherlands, UK, Canada, U.S., South Africa, Australia, and Sweden.
蒂姆森,马什和斯汤顿研究了下列国家,有比利时,意大利,德国,法国,西班牙,日本,瑞士,冰岛,丹麦,荷兰,英国,加拿大,美国,南非,澳大利亚和瑞典
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World War One has an enormous impact on the way people viewed themselves, in France and everywhere; everybody knew people who died in the war.
一战对人们如何,看待自己产生巨大的影响,在法国和其他所有地方,每个人都有认识的人在战争中死去
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