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A lot has happened since the exuberant optimism of the political spirit that we see in a tract like Areopagitica.
弥尔顿在《论出版自由》中发表了极为乐观的政治思想之后,政治形势发生了很大变化。
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Aristotle, in his Politics of course, tells us the most on this subject and often he is our source of information.
亚里士多德,在他的《政治学》中,告诉我们很多有关这个主题的知识,他经常也是我们信息的来源
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From the standpoint of politics for instance, if you want loyal people in a political campaign, do not pay them.
比如，从政治学的观点来看，如果你想在竞选中让手下对自己忠心，那就别给他们报酬。
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His main research interests are in the areas of comparative political economy with the focus on the developing countries.
他主要的研究领域在于,对比性政治经济,特别是发展中国家的政治经济。
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And, I am curious that how much do you think Israeli-Palestinian conflict has to do with religion, and how much has to do with politics?
我很好奇，你们认为,以巴冲突中,多少和宗教有关，多少和政治有关？
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This idea may be rooted in the Ancient Near Eastern political sphere in which sovereigns would single out vassals for the status of special property; and in fact the word used is a word we do find in Exodus.
这个观点也许根植在古代近东的政治氛围中,统治者会将纳贡者独立出来放在特有财产的地位上,并且实际上用在这里的词是我们在,出埃及记中的看到的词语。
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He feels duty-bound to participate materially in this political controversy rather than merely remaining in his studious retirement, however pleasant that is, at his father's house.
他觉得自己有责任积极参与到,这场政治争端中来,而不是仅仅拘泥于晚年的学究生活，不管那种生活是多么的惬意。
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Think of that? "nothing more repugnant to government " than what Aristotle wrote in his Politics."
想一想这句话，“没有更令人反感的政府,可以比得上亚里士多德在《政治学》中所描述“
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So in politics, this is about candidates crowding close together towards the center, to try and get as many voters who are close to them.
在政治学中,这是关于候选人集中趋向中间立场,从而拉拢更多立场相近的选民的理论
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Consent is an obvious familiar idea in moral and political philosophy.
同意这个概念在道德和政治哲学中很常见。
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They've been very important political players now in the trying to get rid of trans fats in restaurant movement and also the movement that's happening around the country to try to get calories put on menus in restaurants.
现在它们的重要政治地位体现在,现在餐饮业中进行的反对反式脂肪运动中,和全国范围发生的要求,在菜单上注明食品热量的运动中
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That's why all these arguments that we all get into these days about third-party political candidates what do we really need in our political culture, what would break apart the stagnation of our two-party system, if that's what people want or put more directly, will Michael Bloomberg run or not?
这就是我们今天为何面对这些争论,关于第三方党派的候选人,也就是我们的政治文化中究竟需要什么,什么能打破我们两党制停滞不前的现状呢,如果这是人民所愿,或者更直接的说,迈克尔.布隆伯格的做法行得通吗
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Let me mention, I've emphasized in many ways the absolutist and authoritarian side of Hobbes' teaching.
所以我曾多次强调过,霍布斯在他的政治主张中,具有专制独裁的一面。
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In this case defined chiefly by their intelligence, but other things too. Well, anyway in this case, in Greek political thinking the aristocracy of birth is the default position.
这主要取决于他们的才能,不过也包含其他方面,不管怎样,那个时候在希腊人的政治思维中,贵族统治就是初始的状态
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Aristotle in his Politics says this: "As man is the best of the animals when perfected, so he is the worst of all when he is divided away from the law and justice."
亚里士多德在他的《政治学》中说,"完美的人是最好的动物,但如果他与法律和公正剥离开来,那也会是最糟糕的动物"
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I mean, there is, within Israeli politics, there is a movement of various religiously motivated people who want to reclaim the land that forefathers lived on.
我的意思是，在以色列政治中，有一种运动会由不同宗教信仰的人组成,为国家找回领土。
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It seems like it's not a news flash that religion is playing an extremely important part in our public square conversations, in our political life, in how we are making decisions on questions of poverty.
这似乎并非一条简讯,宗教发挥着极其重要的作用,在我们在公共场所的谈话中，在我们的政治生活中，在我们如何针对贫困问题做出决策。
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In one sense you could say political philosophy is simply a branch or what we call a subfield of the field of political science. Yes all right.
从一个层面来看，你可以说,政治哲学简单来说，就是一个分支,或说次领域自政治科学,中分离出来，没错。
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And this is true in all sorts of domains in the social world, in the economic world, in the political world and it's true as well in the physical world.
在社会世界,经济世界,政治世界的所有领域中都是这样的,在物质世界中也同样如此
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Is that type the common man ? is it found in democracies; those of acquired taste and money as in aristocracies; the warrior; ? or even the priest as in theocracies?
那属于一般大众类型吗,存在于民主之中吗;,或是存于那些得体且富有的,如贵族，战士或甚至是神父中;,如同神权政治吗？
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Rather the great works provide us so to speak with a repository of fundamental or permanent questions that political scientists still continue to rely on in their work.
而不是靠巨著来回答,这么来说吧，大量基本或永恒的问题,同时也是政治科学家,仍持续在其著作中所倚赖的根本。
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This was, again, the thesis of the classical republicans according to which we are only fully human, or we only become fully human, when we are engaged in political life, in ruling ourselves by laws of our own making.
这再一次印证了典型共和派的的宗旨,根据于我们是完全的人，我们要变成完全的人，当我们被牵扯到政治生活中，我们用我们自己制造的法律来统治自己。
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He goes on in a letter in spring 1862 the war still isn't a war against slavery in any official sense and he writes home to his brother saying he wishes he had the, quote, "Moral courage to desert," because he no longer wants to serve this cause.
在1862年春天的信中,从政治角度来说,那还不是真正意义上的反奴战争,他写信给他哥哥说,他希望有点"道德气节",因为他不想再为这理由继续下去
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He lays out these questions at the very beginning of the fourth book of the Politics.
他将这些问题安排在《政治学》,第四册起始的篇章中。
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And if you want to join the political game, you must be prepared to get your hands dirty, ? and what Machiavelli means by that, ? how he comes to this problem.
如果你想参与到政治游戏中去，你必须做好弄脏你的手的准备，马基雅维利这么说是什么意思，他是如何谈到这个问题的。
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It represents the moment in the life of Socrates where he turns away from the investigation of natural phenomena to the study of the human and political things the moral and political things.
它代表着苏格拉底生命中,从调查自然现象,转向研究,人类与政治事务,即道德与政治事务。
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Political philosophy is the oldest of the social sciences and it can boast a wealth of heavy hitters from Plato and Aristotle to Machiavelli Hobbes Hegel Tocqueville Nietzsche and so on.
政治哲学是社会科学中,最古老的学科,且会触及大量重棒人物,从柏拉图，亚里士多德到马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及黑格尔，托克维尔，尼采等人。
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In the forty-sixth chapter of Leviathan, a chapter we will read later, Hobbes wrote, "I believe that scarce anything can be more repugnant to government than much of what Aristotle has said in his Politics, " nor more ignorantly than a great part of his Ethics."
在《利维坦》第，46，章，我们稍后就会读到的一章，贺伯斯写到：，“我就不信有任何,更令人反感的政府可以比得上,那个亚里士多德在其《政治学》中所描述，还有一大部份的《伦理学》更是无知至极“
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Aristotle writes in Book II of the Politics that the world is eternal and everything in it has been discovered.
亚里士多德在《政治学》第，II，册中提到,世界无穷止境,其中所有事物都已创建。
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Aristotle defines the strictly formal criteria of a politea twice in his politics and I'm sure ?Yes! you noted both times where they appeared?
亚里士多德两度在其《政治学》中,定义严格且正式的，Politea，准则，我相信,你们都已注意到了，对吗？
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