Now these ideas of classes, object-oriented programming, data abstraction, are about 40 years old, they're not new ideas.

面向对象编程的概念，数据抽象的概念，都是40年前就有的老东西了。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

An idea of abstraction, that idea of specification, is exactly what we want to use inside of our functions.

抽象的概念，规格化的概念,就是我们想要运用到。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

They began with an abstract thought, discussed it, reminded each other of another abstract point forgotten in the rush of events.

他们从一个抽象的想法开始讨论，相互提醒着在匆忙中,被遗忘的另一个抽象概念。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

The state was an abstraction, but in the person of the czar it was a reality.

国家" 只是个抽象概念,但沙皇这个人是真实存在的

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

And then they're very abstract concepts which are defending the glory of human mind.

它们是很抽象的概念,是用来维护人类大脑的荣光。

麻省理工公开课 - 电影哲学课程节选

I'm thinking of the general problem of the abstraction of virtue, an abstract notion of virtue. Think of all the questions that all of us at some point or other tend to associate with virtue.

我在思考贞操这个抽象概念，贞操这一抽象的概念，想想所有那些,我们时不时的会由贞操想到的问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

In particular, all languages, at minimum, are powerful enough to convey an abstract notion like this; abstract in the sense that it talks about thoughts and it talks about a proposition and spatial relations in objects.

尤其是所有的语言都至少,能够有效地表达抽象概念,在某种意义上来说,抽象概念能够表达思想,能够表述物体的位置与空间关系

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Given the abstraction, the notion of a point as an instance with some values, I can now start building segments.

真的很有帮助，基于这个抽象,点的概念也就是一个，有一些值的实例。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

And just to look ahead a little bit, you could easily imagine that I might want to not just put a statement in there, what the specs are, I might want to put some constraints. Some specific things to check for, to make sure that you're calling the code right.

这不仅是抽象的概念还有规范的概念，我们再往前看看,你可以简单的想象得到，我不仅仅是想在这里加一个声明,这些规范说明中我还想加一些约束，我们要注意一些特殊的事情。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

So, they make their personal or dynastic rule absolute based on loyalty to them as individuals and not to the state as some sort of abstraction.

所以,君主将个人或者王朝的绝对统治,建立在［民众］对其统治家族的忠诚,而非国家这样的抽象概念上

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

What we're really getting at is the idea of saying I want to have a way of grouping together information into units that make sense. So I can go back to one of those topics we had at the beginning, which is the idea of abstraction, that I can create one of those units as a simple entity, bury away the details and write really modular code.

组合成为有意义的单元,那么这就让我们回到,一开始讲的话题之一了,这就是抽象的概念,也就是我可以以一个简单的，实体的形式创建这样的一个单元，把具体实现隐藏然后写一些,真正模块化的代码,我们在以后的课程中。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选