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So by using the tabulated data, we can really determined heats of formation for most reactions that you might contemplate, OK?
所以，使用这些表格,我们就能确定大多数,你可能碰到的反应的生成热？
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And so we knew each other from one of my classes at thermal dynamics class
我们是在热动力学课上互相认识的。
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Let's begin with a kind of warm-up sheet which we can anchor in these little drawings I've made.
让我们先来热一下身,看一下我在黑板上画的图。
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It allows you to define the concept of a thermometer. You have three objects, one of them could be a thermometer.
从热的物体流向冷的物体,由此我们可以定义温度，我们还可以用它来定义温度计：
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The heater is on, it's producing heat until a negative signal is registered, 'oh we've gone too high', and then it turns off.
加热器会开着,一直产生热量直到它得到一个关闭的信号,噢我们弄得太热了,然后就关闭了
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Remember we were just demonstrating, listening to the Ravel Bolero.
刚才的热场过程中我们示范过的,我们欣赏了拉威尔的《波莱罗舞曲》
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Then here would be a natural proposal.
然后我们就会自热提出。
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So, we do an integral over a path, dT for the heat capacity along that path, dT.
因此，我们沿着路径做一个积分，热容。
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And in practical terms, we can define the efficiency as the ratio of the heat in to the work out.
在实际中，我们定义,效率为热与功的比值。
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So we're just subtracting, in effect, zero, right, from the enthalpy of the product, but of course it's important have that established because the heat of formation is something you could measure, right?
所以从效果上说，我们只是，从生成物的焓中减去了零，但，是确立这一点很重要,因为生成热是,你能测量的东西，对吧？
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So we don't really need to put in a certain amount of heat and change the temperature of the products and the calorimeter and so on.
所以我们实际上并不需要输入,一定的热量，改变生成物,和量热计的温度之类。
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You do it so quickly that the heat flow between the inside of the bicycle pump and the outside is too slow compared to the speed at which you compress.
我们用力很大,于是压缩得很快,打气筒内外热传递的速度,与之相比要慢得多。
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The same temperature increase, work and heat, and we have a relationship between heat and work.
同样的温度升高，功和热，因此我们可以得到功和热的关系了。
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This one turns out to be the heat capacity, and this one turns out to be something that we measure in the Joule-free expansion.
其实，这就是热容，这是焦耳自由膨胀实验中,我们要测量的物理量。
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We have discovered that this partial derivative that appears in the definition, the abstract definition of the differential for internal energy, is just equal to the constant volume heat capacity.
我们还发现,这个偏微分出现在了，内能的偏微分,定义式中，它也就是热容。
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Today we're going to talk about heat capacity.
今天我们将要讨论热容的概念。
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That'll be inside our calorimeter. It's insulated, and there's still a thermometer, so we can measure the temperature.
被放置在量热计里面，它是绝热的，同样有一个温度计，让我们可以测量温度。
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All right, let me just go through one numerical example of a calorimetry calculation, OK.
好，让我们来做一个量热,法计算的例子，我不会把所有的。
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q1 The heat input is just q1, Q and we'll define that as capital Q.
输入的热是，我们把它定义为大写的。
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It might suggest that you could convert all the work to heat.
它暗示我们可以把所有的功转化为热,但是热力学第二定律说。
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Spotted fever in purples for example, which we call measles, was a significant cause of death as was the plague, which we don't have anymore, thank goodness.
拿紫色斑疹热作为例子,我们也把这种病称作麻疹,它是导致死亡的主要原因,就好像瘟疫,而现在不会再这样了,感谢上帝
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That great deal of specificity implies that heat is also path-dependent and again we have the convention that if heat is added to the system, the quantity is greater than zero.
热也是与路径有关的,根据通常的习惯,如果我们对系统加热，其符号取为正。
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the zeroth law, which is the common-sense law, which says that if you take a hot object next to a cold object, heat will flow from the hot to the cold in a way that is well defined, and it allows you to define temperature.
上节课我们讨论了，热力学第零定律,这一定律源自常识：如果把一个热的物体,与一个冷的物体挨在一起，热量就会以确定的方式。
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We can measure the heat capacity at constant volume, and now we have another term, and if we can figure out how to measure it, we'll have a complete form for this differential du which will enable us to calculate du for any process.
我们能够测量恒定体积下的热容，这里我们有另一项，如果能够知道怎么测量它，问我们就有了这个完整的微分式,就能够对任何过程计算。
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It's just how much heat is involved when we change the temperature. Now, the products have some heat capacity associated with them right, it takes a certain amount of heat if we make their temperature change, to either put it in or take it away, depending on which direction the temperature is changing.
问题就是当我们改变温度时,有多少热量发生了转移,生成物具有一定的热容,如果我们改变,它们的温度，就要输入或,提取一定的热量,这取决于温度改变的方向。
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It's related to the heat capacity, the constant volume of heat capacity and something you could measure.
它联系了热能，恒容热容和一些,我们能够测量的物理量。
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Now what I'd like to do is something that you'll probably cut out because of copyright issues but it's a kind of fun warm-up anyway, so we're going to go ahead and do this and then we'll actually start.
首先我想做个小游戏,不过这个片段可能由于版权问题而被切掉,但是这个热场游戏很有趣,那么,我们马上开始,游戏之后再正式上课
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Something I can measure and I can tabulate, and when I turn my dT knob here I know what's going to happen to the enthalpy.
----热容，我们可以用实验，测出热容并成表,当我知道这里的变量。
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So, let's talk about heat capacity.
好的，让给我们来讨论热容。
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Then we went on to look at thermochemistry, and that's what I want to continue today.
然后我们继续研究了热化学，这是我今天要继续讲的，的确。
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