So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.

这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So the state variables describe the equilibrium's state and they don't care about how this state got to where it is.

状态变量,描述平衡态，它们并不关心,系统是如何演化成这样的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If that protein is an enzyme then you've and you've switched it from an 'off' position where it's not catalyzing a reaction to an 'on' position where it is, you've changed the biochemical state of the cell, you've changed the chemical reactions that can occur within the cell, and you've changed its behavior.

如果这种蛋白是一种酶的话,你就能够将酶从无催化作用的静息态,激活至能催化反应的激活态,你改变了细胞的生化状态,也改变了细胞内发生的化学反应,改变了细胞的行为

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, for example, we could talk about the n equals 2 state, so that's this state here, and it's also what we could call the first excited state. So we have the ground state, and if we excite an electron into the next closest state, we're at the first excited state, or the n equals 2 state.

例如，我们可以考虑n等于2的状态，它在这里，它也被称作是第一激发态,我们有基态，如果我们把一个电子,激发到它最近邻的态,那就是第一激发态，或者n等于2的态。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

OK, so, the thing about a state function is that the function has a value for initial conditions and at final conditions.

态函数的特点是,在初始状态有一个值,在末状态也有一个值。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

p1 V1 Initial find -- there are many ways p2 V2 V1 I can get from one state to the other.

初态的氩气状态为,末态为。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

A You know it's in some state A, there are some other states around.

比如说某个态，还有些其他可能的状态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, it's more effective because it's a live virus but it's a little bit more concerning because it's a live virus as well, in that you trust that it's attenuated but could it convert back to a virulent form or a form that caused a disease.

因此,口服疫苗更加有效,因为它是活性病毒,但又是因为这一点,人们也存有更多顾虑,当它处于减毒状态时你会信任它,但是它会不会转变回,强毒壮态或者致病状态呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So that's going to results in an expansion where the new volume new temperature new pressure and an external pressure, p2 which is p2 which is a smaller pressure.

这样经过膨胀,到达了,状态为V2，T2，p2的末态，外界压强也降低到。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

In some sense, that's one reason to associate this as a kind of energy, H just like mechanical energy u or enthalpy H, it's the minimum free energy state that is the equilibrium state under the relevant conditions.

在某种意义下，这是我们把这些物理量称为能量的原因，就像机械能U和自由焓，具有最小自由能的状态在特定的条件下,就是平衡态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选