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By 1860 there were approximately 4,000,000 slaves in the United States, the second largest slave society slave population--in the world.
截至1860年,美国大约有,四百万的奴隶,也因此使之成为了,世界历史上的第二大奴隶社会
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the United States announced a target to reduce its emissions by 17% below 2005 levels in 2020.
美国宣布了到2020年实现在2005年的水平基础上减排17%的目标。
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It was gradually adopted by other countries through time and the United States didn't officially adopt it until 1900.
随着时间的流逝，它渐渐被,其它国家所采用,美国直到1900年才正式采用金本位制度。
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But in 1860 American slaves, as a financial asset, were worth approximately three and a half billion dollars that's just as property.
但在1860年,美国奴隶作为财产所有,市值约35亿美元,只是作为财产而言
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We are going to go to the United States, 1927, Bell Labs.
让我们到1927年的美国，贝尔的实验室看看吧。
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China is practising the policy that the United States practised after 1945.
中国现在的外交政策,和美国1945年以后的外交政策在某种意义上如出一辙。
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So, for example, in around 1900 in America or a little bit earlier, let's say 1880 in America, it really isn't clear that it was illegal to write agreements to say we'll restrict quantities.
比如1900年甚至更早的美国,假如是1880年的美国吧,在当时这种限制产量的合同是否违法,在司法上没有明确的界定
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It's happened over the course of millions of years of human evolution, but it's happened also in a relatively recent time frame when we think about the American diet and what people are eating, but also the world diet of course.
它们发生在人类数百万年的演化历程中,在近现代,当我们考虑美国人的食谱,当然也包括全世界的食谱,同样在发生着这些变革
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The short answer is that I think these writers best represent all the different threads, all the different forces in the American Novel Since 1945.
简单的回答是我觉得这些作家极洽当地,代表了1945年以来美国小说中的，各种主题和力量。
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In 1992, a study on literacy of United States a particular illiteracy was associated with law incompetence, with poverty, with welfare, with incarceration.
992年，一项关于美国人文化素养的研究,文化素养低下与,低下的生活水平，贫困和社会福利，以及监禁有一定关系。
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My first book was on the trial of John Peter Zenger, 5 which was the first famous case in America in 1735 relating to freedom of speech.
我首本书写的就是John，Peter，Zenger审判，这个案例在1785年的美国家喻户晓5,是言论自由方面的第一个例子。
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I was like, "it's a castle from 1400." I was like, "America wasn't even built by 1400."
我想说“建于1400年的城堡。那时都还没有美国呢。”
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My major? Basically I study American literature... in English, studying literature from 1865 until now.
我的专业？我主要学习从1865年到现在的美国文学，以英语授课。
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Even 1951 was a very unusual year I'll tell you why--because we were getting into the Korean War.
即便是在1951年这个不同寻常的年份,因为美国发动了朝鲜战争
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Tocqueville couldn't resist it, it was the thing he couldn't stop writing about in Democracy in America, and he was only observing in 1831.
托克维尔抗拒不了,这使他情不自禁的写下,《美国的民主》这部著作,他仅了解1831年的美国
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He has data for a very long time period, 1802 to 2006, for the U.S.
他的数据是采用美国从1802年到2006年，相当长的一段时间。
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The districts back in 1913 represented the population distribution of the U.S. at that time.
913年划分的区域代表着,当时美国人口的分布。
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The last hundred years, in the U.S., don't really have that much predictive power.
在接下来的上百年时间里，在美国，我们并不具备那么强大的预测能力。
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In 1860 slaves as an asset were worth more than all of America's manufacturing, all of the railroads, all of the productive capacity of the United States put together.
860年,奴隶作为财产的产值超过了,美国所有的制造业,所有的铁路,和所有产业的产值总和
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The big question for American now is whether there will be light at the end of the tunnel after more than 8 years of war there, after all that life lost and fouture spent.
现在对于美国一个重要的问题就是,是否有曙光的出现,8年的战争中，美国政府花费了大量的金钱，很多人也因为战争也失去了生命。
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In fact you can find all over American culture in 1800,1810, even into the 1820s, a lot of fear of technology.
其实你能从所有的美国文化中发现,在1800到1810年,甚至在19世纪20年代,充斥着太多对新技术的恐惧
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But should President Obama president have put down to let 2011 the date as the date of the begining of the withdrawl of American presence?
奥巴马总统是不是应该确定,2011年开始撤出美国势力？
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It wasn't until after the war that we created a new Bank of the United States in 1816 and gave it a twenty-year charter as well.
直到战争结束,我们才于1816年建立了一个新的美国银行,并且又给了它20年的许可证。
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All right, so it might be that again, the problem with enforcement, although actually in 1880 America, it's not clear that they couldn't have enforced that contract.
好的,但是我刚才说了强制性的问题,虽然说那是1880年的美国,当时这种合同是否违法没有明确的界定
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Smoking is a key example, it took America decades to mobilize after the catastrophic consequences smoking were clear, but when it did, American tobacco companies exploited overseas markets, particularly in the developing world.
吸烟就是一个重要的例子,美国人在吸烟的灾难性后果,已经明确的几十年之后,才采取行动,但在行动时,美国烟草公司已经开拓了海外疆土,尤其在发展中国家
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It was affected by the major American depressions of 1837, 1857, but not as much as the North.
棉花产量只在两次美国经济大萧条时期,1837年57年受到影响,但损失远不及北方
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One of every two people in New York City in 1852 was born outside the United States.
在1852年 纽约市每两个人中,就有一个不是美国本土出生
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There were approximately 400,000 slaveholders, white slaveholders, in the American South by 1860.
截至1860年,美国南部,大约有四十万白人奴隶主
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Here is the price-earnings ratio for the U.S. stock market from 1881 to the present-- this is also on that spreadsheet that you have on the website.
这是美国股票市场的市盈率,从1881年至今,这份数据也在网站上的电子数据表上
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In Alexis de Tocqueville's great Democracy in America, which he published in 1831,or published in 1837, after his famous nine-month tour of the United States the most famous book, travel book, ever written about America, by a foreigner.
亚利西斯·德·托克维尔的著作《美国民主》,在1831年,或者1837年出版,这是本他在美国周游了九个月之后,写成的游记,在所有由外国作家执笔,所著的关于美国的书中享有盛誉
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