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So, let's go ahead and make sure we can draw that, if we have interest either in the area of organic chemistry or biochemistry or biology here.
那么，让我们来确认一下我们已经学会怎么画了，如果我们对有机化学,生物化学或者生物学中的任何一个领域感兴趣的话。
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For me, I want to do Biology,
对我来说，我想学生物学，
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Chapters 2 and 4 are really reviews of things that you probably already know something about, so they're reviews of basic chemistry.
第二章和第四章是对,一些你可能已经知道的,基础化学,蛋白质及生物化学知识的复习
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The great Milton, a grave author, brings in Adam thus speaking to Eve in Paradise Lost , "Oh, fairest of creation, last and best of all God's works."
伟大的弥尔顿，严肃的作家，在《失乐园》中,让亚当对夏娃如是说，“哦，最美丽的生物，上帝最后却是最好的作品“
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The governing of a distress call is actually an extremely delicate high-wire act for any young organism from an evolutionary point of view.
事实上，发出求救信号,是极其危险的行为,从进化的角度看,对任何一个年轻的生物体。
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He says in Genesis 1:28-29, he blesses them, "God blessed them and God said to them, ; 'Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it; And rule the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky and all the living things that creep on earth.
创世纪》第一章第28和29中他说，他保佑他们，“上帝保佑他们，并对他们说，要富饶多产，填满地球并且掌管它;,管理海中的鱼，天上的鸟,以及一切爬行在地上的生物。
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So maybe a better way to talk about it would just be: Life's a biological process; we're all familiar with that process, sort of, in its middle stretches.
也许对此更好的表述方式是,生命是一个生物学过程,我们对这个过程都很熟悉,在它的中期
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That means that a group of people who were identified and then re-measured every other year on -to getting blood tests and other biological markers, as well as doing assessments of their lifestyle behaviors and a number of other things.
就是说有一群特定的人,然后每隔几年,就要接受血液及其他生物学测试,还要对他们的生活方式等进行评估
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Of course, Darwin was not interested in suspicion but he was certainly the founder of ways of thinking about consciousness that are determined, socio-biologically determined: determined in the realm of cognitive science, determined as artificial intelligence, and so on.
当然，达尔文对怀疑并不感兴趣,但他确实是思考,由社会生物地决定的意识的创始人：,他认为意识被认知科学决定，被人类智慧决定等等。
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And I am interested in biology.
我也对生物很感兴趣。
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So, it seemed like a good start for me, pre-med/bio, and I signed up for my bio class -- I found out, as Professor Drennen did, that I had to take chemistry as well. I wasn't as upset, I was sort of a neutral chemistry person at this point, but I thought it was pretty smart to get it over with on the first semester, so that's what I did.
一个既在科学上有挑战又能帮助他人的职业，从医学预科或者生物起家-,我参加了生物课，我和Drennen教授一样，我也必须要上化学课，我并没有很不爽,我当时对化学的态度很中立。
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It's a fact about our minds that doesn't hold true for many other creatures.
它是我们心理营造的事实,对其他的生物并不适用。
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What I want to leave you with is my picture, not a very elaborate picture, of what Biomedical Engineering is to me, and two parts of it.
我想给你们看我画的这张图,图虽然画得不太好,但包含了我对生物医学工程的理解,有两部分
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So, you want to give it to them because the biology of children is different than adults, and so you need to make sure it works in that population.
你希望将疫苗分发给孩子们,因为儿童与成人在生物学上不尽相同,要确保疫苗对儿童有效
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Some words that are useful in this discussion, a 'host'. A host is the organism that you're interested in defending and it could be you or me or some typical person.
讨论中会用到一些词,宿主 宿主是,你对其免疫反应感兴趣的生物体,可以是你我,或者其他人
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When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.
这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞
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Because of that you can't count on molecules moving rapidly over the size of a cell that's ten to 30 Microns in diameter.
因此不要对生物大分子能在,直径十到三十微米的,细胞里高速穿行抱有任何指望
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This diagram at the top here is a very familiar one to most of you, it's sometimes called the central dogma of molecular biology.
顶部这个示意图,对大家来说都非常熟悉,这叫做分子生物学的中心法则
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But any that seem like controversial or like, 'I don't think that's Biomedical Engineering' or 'that's not what I want to learn about in this course'.
对上面提到的这些还有争议么,比如,我认为这不是生物医学工程的内容,或者,这不是我想学的
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This will lead us into a discussion of sort of bioengineering of the immune system, in particular, and we're going to talk next week about vaccines.
我们会借此展开对,免疫系统的生物医学工程化的讨论,下周我们将讲到疫苗
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So I want to try to put this together into a form that I've come to understand what Biomedical Engineering is and present it to you.
我把我对生物医学工程的理解,都列入这个表,就是现在你们看到的
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But since we're especially interested in beings like us, people, this topic, this sub-specialized version of the question of identity, gets discussed under the rubric of the topic, personal identity.
由于我们对我们这种生物十分感兴趣,也就是人类,这个话题,属于同一性话题下的分支问题,通常会放在某话题的标题下讨论,也就是个人同一性
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To the broody hen, the notion would probably seem monstrous that there should be a creature in the world to whom a nestful of eggs was not utterly fascinating and precious and never to be too-much-sat-upon object which it is to her.
对母鸡来说，这个概念可能看起来荒谬,世界上有一种生物,对一窝鸡蛋,着迷，觉得弥足珍贵,对她而言，永远不觉得,孵蛋时间太长。
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I think - I see where you wouldn't see - I see where you would put it in that category and how you would be surprised to put it in that category It should be in the category because it's engineering to be able to do this, right?
我明白你们为什么疑惑了,明白为什么,先前那位同学觉得它属于生物医学工程,而刚才这位同学却对此感到惊讶,它之所以属于这个领域,是因为它是靠工程技术实现的,对吗
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So one of my purposes of this course is to get you, whether you study Biomedical Engineering after this or not, excited about the subject so that you start thinking about how you could innovate in this area where lots of problems are still left to solve, so I'll see you on Thursday hopefully.
我这门课的目的之一就在于,无论你们继续学习生物医学工程与否,我想激发你们对这门课的兴趣,思考在这个仍旧存在诸多问题的领域中,你们能做出什么样的创新,希望在周四的课程中再见
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Some of this will be familiar to some of you who've have had biology in high school or other places, you know something about DNA.
对你们来说有些内容会比较熟悉,如果在高中或其他地方学习过生物课,就会多少懂一些有关DNA的知识
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In fact, even if you haven't had a biology class it's hard to be alive in 2008 and not know something about DNA; it's become such an important part of our lives.
实际上,即使你们没有上过生物课,也不可能活在当下却对DNA一无所知,它已经与我们的生活密不可分
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Now we know so much about these, they've turned out to be so useful in biotechnology.
现在我们对限制性内切酶了解这么深入,它们在生物技术方面又这么有用
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So, there's a wonderful thirteenth-century commentator that says that God needed creatures who could choose to obey him, And therefore it was important for Adam and Eve to do what they did And to learn that they had the choice not to obey God so that their choice for God would become endowed with meaning.
十三世纪有一位著名的评论家说,上帝需要有能力选择遵从他的生物，因此，夏娃亚当做他们所做的事情很重要,并发现他们可以选择不遵从上帝,那么他们对上帝的遵从便有了意义。
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We'll talk about where it comes from, and the biological, economic, and political reasons that drive food to be certain things, and we'll talk about what it does to us and for us.
我们会谈到它的来源,生物学,经济学方面和政治方面的因素,是如何影响食品的,我们还会谈到它对我们的影响和帮助
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