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What's really going on is you're floating in the psychologist's tank in their lab with the electrodes hooked up your brain.
真实的情景是你飘浮在,实验室里的心理学研究容器里,电极连接着你的脑袋。
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Like, um, in our Psych. class, we set up an experiment to study how memory works,
嗯，我们在心理班做一个实验，研究记忆是怎么运行的，
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So when we talk about a cohort study, this means taking a group of people and following them over time.
所以当我们提到定群研究,就意味着,有一群人参加实验并需一直追踪下去
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But, we'll see as 3.091 progresses, people working almost on the same topic, making new discoveries out of the same lab, one of them might subsequently win the Nobel in physics.
但是，我们会看到随着3。091这门课的进行，人们几乎在研究的同一内容，在同一个实验做出重大的发现，他们中的一个很有可能,获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
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Now, what they did was--they were clever psychologists so they set it up in a study where the people did not know sexual orientation was at issue.
他们都是聪明的心理学家,他们设计了一个实验,实验对象并不知道研究的是同性恋问题。
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He said second psychology is a psychology that leaves the labs that draws on the research done in the labs that is important and meaningful, however,doesn't only focus on that.
他说另一种心理学就是,抛开实验室的研究,实验室研究意义重大，但不只是注重这种研究。
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So, for example, I'm actually in a research lab and the biomedical center
例如，我参加了一个研究实验室，还有一个生物医药中心，
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Just recently, a friend told me that she's leaving her research lab,
就在最近，我的一个朋友跟我说她要离开她的研究实验室了，
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But they represent for us a direction That the research lab I direct is trying to hid in.
但他们给我们指出了一个方向,我所在的研究实验室就朝着这个方向努力。
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This is actually very representative of when you do research in the laboratory, you will find often things do not work quite exactly as they worked 20 minutes ago when you just checked it in your office, for example.
在实验室做研究时,这个实际上是非常具有代表性的，举个例子,当时只是在办公室核查它时,你经常会发现事物无法,像它们20分钟之前那样精确的工作。
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A third finding comes from experiments done by a colleague.
第三个研究成果来自我的一位同事的实验。
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pV So there is an arbitrary set point that needs to be defined, right? Because what you actually measure in the lab are changes in enthalpy, just like what you measure when you look at energy change of some sort, you measure the change in energy, right.
焓也是一样，焓是U加,所以需要定义一个任意的设定值,对吧？因为实际上你在实验室里,测得的是焓的改变,就像你在研究某种能量变化时，所测量的那样，你测量的是能量的改变，对吧。
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Now here's a study that was done ten years later in nineteen-ninety-two, in this case it was with obese subjects.
这个实验是十年后的1992年做的,研究主题是肥胖
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And then the investigators actually measured these things, and found that with reported and actual energy intake, how many calories people were consuming, there was really quite a difference.
研究人员实际上得到了以下结果,实验对象汇报的和实际的能量摄入,也就是人们摄入的卡路里,两者有较大差异
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One thing to know methodologically is the person giving a choice is blind to the study.
研究方法上需要强调的一点是,主试对于实验来说是盲性的
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Some of this work's been done at Yale in Karen Wynn's lab, where they look at babies' understanding of addition and subtraction.
这个研究的一些部分是在耶鲁的,凯伦·韦恩实验室进行的,他们在那里观察婴儿对加减法的理解
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Intervention studies are when you're actually doing something with people.
进行干预性研究时需要与实验对象有接触
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And it took Dr. Penfield at McGill University to do the same thing with people.
而麦吉尔大学的彭菲尔德教授,则在人类身上进行相同的实验研究
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You come into the lab and say, "Okay. I'm the graduate student. Ha, ha, ha."
你走进实验室说,"我是研究生,然后傻笑"
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The clue to the flaw is that you can't even call this study an experiment.
何出此言,因为这个研究根本就称不上实验。
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It turns out very difficult to study this in a lab.
事实证明,很难对此进行实验室研究
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Now, the next trial is from a different study.
接下来的实验来自于另一项不同的研究
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We could take it into the lab.
我们可以在实验室里研究。
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There are very interesting research opportunities in his laboratory, and if any of you are interested in that you can go to one of the two email addresses that you see on the bottom.
他的实验室里有很多有趣的研究机会,如果你们感兴趣的话,可以通过下方的两个邮件地址联系他
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I'd like to give you examples of three of very famous epistudies on diet and health: The Framingham Heart Study, The Seven Country Study, and The Nurses' Health Study, and then we'll talk about some of the overall results from these sort of things.
我想给大家讲有关饮食与健康的关系的,三个著名传染病学研究实验,弗明汉心脏病研究,七国研究,以及护士健康研究,然后讲一下这些因素带来的一些总体影响
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This study is very interesting because what it did was take nurses, a cohort of a hundred thousand nurses -my wife is actually--just happens to be one of the subjects in this study because she's a nurse.
这项研究很有趣,它将十万名护士作为实验对象,我的太太恰好也是其中一名实验对象,她也是一名护士
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Now in the case of The Framingham Study they did bi-annual assessments, every two years brought people into the lab and got very careful measures on them, so a lot of what we initially knew about diet and health, smoking and health, and other things came from The Framingham Heart Study.
弗明汉研究每两年做一次评估,每两年在实验室里对研究对象,进行十分仔细的检测,我们对饮食与健康,吸烟与健康以及其他的了解,最初都来自于弗明汉心脏研究
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So, my final example is from Alan Davidson's lab, and Alan is an inorganic chemist -- he loved those transition metals and they're unique properties, and he designed this compound, it's called Cardiolite, Cardiolite and it's used in heart imaging.
最后一个例子是Alan，Davidson实验室，他是个无机化学家-,他喜欢研究过渡金属,和它们的奇特性质，他设计了这种化合物，叫做。
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Now, the good news in all of this is the studies that looked at physical attractiveness in this way were just looking at what predicts a second date after a first date.
好消息的是,这只是一种研究生理吸引力的实验,关注点是,预测相亲后约会可能性的因素。
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He invited a confederate, a graduate student who was working with him in his lab-- Psychologists--Social psychologists always call people " who are in the employ of the experimenter "confederates."
他邀请了一个助手,和他一起在实验室工作的研究生-,心理学家-社会心理学家总是称,在实验室任职的研究生“助手“
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