If your gene goes in, you've interrupted the gene for antibiotic resistance and those new organisms aren't going to be resistant to antibiotic anymore.

如果基因进入了质粒,原本对抗生素有抗性的基因就被打断了,那些新细菌就不再对抗生素有抗性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Gene expression, for us, will mean the same thing as production of a particular protein.

对我们来说,基因表达就等于合成特定的蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Those emotions you feel towards your kin, towards your genetic relatives, and those emotions that you feel towards the people you're not related to but interact with.

你对亲人的情感，你对有基因关系亲属的情感，你对那些与你无关,但有相互作用的人的情感。

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The ones who would conserve energy, that is they were sedentary when possible, other then when they had to go get food would again not waste their calories but would save them and contribute to the gene pool.

那些保存能量的人,那些能躺不坐,能坐不站的人,除非必须再次寻找食物,否则是绝对不会浪费能量的人,也是对基因库有贡献的

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So, making gene therapy specific is a key problem in making it work.

所以基因治疗中,特异性对能否成功就至关重要了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If a cell has a gene that makes it resistant to Ampicillin, that means that that micro-organism can survive being exposed to this normally deadly chemical without dying.

如果细胞带有一种基因,能够让它对氨苄青霉素产生抗性,即使把它放在,有致死剂量化学物质的环境中,它也能存活下来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I want to then deal with feelings towards our kin, people we're genetically related to, and then--and this will take us to the next class, feelings towards non kin.

然后对我们家族的情感分析，就是同我们有基因关系的人，然后下节课，同家族无关的情感。

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Why is control of gene expression important?

为什么说对基因表达的调控是非常重要呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You could imagine strategies where you have multiple resistance genes on a plasmid, resistance to Ampicillin, to Penicillin, to Erythromycin for example, and you design strategies for separating out which cells are carrying the plasmid that you're interested in.

若质粒上有多种抗性基因,你就有很多筛选方法,例如对氨苄青霉素,青霉素,红霉素的抗性,而且你可以设计方法分离出,含有你感兴趣质粒的细胞

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Now DNA that's produced this way is not called genomic DNA because this doesn't match the DNA in your genome, on your chromosomes,right?

现在造出来的这个DNA,不叫基因组DNA,因为这跟你基因组里的DNA不一样,跟你染色体上的基因不一样,对吧

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So the access that a cell has to certain kinds of genes, or chemical modifications of DNA, not chemical modifications that change the base pairs, that would be a mutation.

因此细胞变化的途径应该是对某些基因,或者DNA进行化学修饰,不是更改碱基对,更改碱基对就是突变了

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What we're going to do is take this plasmid, with its promoter gene construct in it and engineer it, to take out the lacZ gene, leaving in the promoter and putting in the protein that we want - the gene for the protein that we want.

我们要做的就是提取包含,它自己的启动子基因的质粒,并对其进行一些修改,剔除lacZ基因,留下启动子,把我们的目标蛋白植入--,我们生产目标蛋白的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So in the first week we run a section called from strawberries to gene therapy where we talk about DNA, extract DNA, you can play with the DNA of an organism and we can think about how to use DNA for other purposes.

第一周组会的主题是从草莓到基因疗法,主要讨论DNA和DNA的提取,使你们对有机组织的DNA有直观的认识,并思考DNA的其它应用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选