The best way to label this DNA is by designing probes or labels that hybridize with specific sequences that you're interested in.

最好的标记方法是,设计出能与你感兴趣的,特定基因序列杂交的,分子探针或标签

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Well, one way you can get it is by mixing the gene with lipids, with lipid molecules.

一种方法可以将基因与脂质体混合,同脂类分子混合

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Those emotions you feel towards your kin, towards your genetic relatives, and those emotions that you feel towards the people you're not related to but interact with.

你对亲人的情感，你对有基因关系亲属的情感，你对那些与你无关,但有相互作用的人的情感。

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The second issue is that the gene vector, in this case the plasmid, has to be compatible with the cells that you're trying to express the gene in.

接下来的问题是如何选择合适的基因载体,在这里用到的,质粒,必须与要用来表达基因的,受体细胞匹配

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Only certain genes are being expressed and it's the family of genes that are being expressed in a cell, likewise the family that are not being expressed, that determines what a cell is like, how it functions.

只有某些特定的基因在细胞中表达,那些在细胞中表达的基因,与那些没有表达的基因,共同决定了细胞的形态和功能

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One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.

其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因

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When this bound receptor interacts with DNA it could, for example, turn on expression of a target gene.

该受体与DNA结合后能够,启动目标基因的表达

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They're not whole genomes, but they're some small piece of DNA maybe the size of a protein.

不是整个基因组,而是小的DNA片段,但也许与蛋白质分子一样大

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