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OK, now what we'd like to do is be able to calculate any of these quantities in terms of temperature, pressure, volume properties.
现在我们想要做的是能够利用,温度，压强和体积的性质,计算上面的物理量。
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Another big one is course six which is Computer Science and Electrical Engineering.
另一个比较重要的专业是课程6，也就是计算机科学和电气工程。
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Third thing we want you to do, is to understand the fundamental both capabilities and limitations of computations, and the costs associated with them.
我们希望你们做的第三件事儿，就是了解,计算的基本能力，和局限以及他们的代价。
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Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.
但是，在这些条件下，这些物理量，如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下，我们仍然可以计算。
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It is just down the hall from this lecture theater. And you bring the Periodic Table and the Table of Constants and a calculator and something to write with.
就在这件教室下面的大厅那,你们带上元素周期表和常数表,还有一个计算器和一些写的东西。
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Then there's a formula that dictates how much Tier I capital and how much Tier II capital they have to hold.
还有一个公式可以计算出,他们必须持有,多少一级资本和多少二级资本
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And so I was collecting from friends and colleagues' computers all sorts of logs that monitored the kind of low level activity that was happening on their computer.
因此我从朋友和,同事的计算机上收集各种各样的日志,这些日志用来监控,他们计算机中的低能级活动。
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In practice, most of the time we work with these two numbers, Ax and Ay.
在实际过程中,大多数时间我们就用 Ax 和 Ay 来计算
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I was deciding between political science at the time and computer science because I have always been fascinated by cities and at some point want to maybe potentially go into government I'm still not quite sure if I have more effect there or more effect in programming.
我那时要在政治学和,计算机科学,中做出选择，因为,我一直为城市着迷,我潜意识里有些想去政府工作,我并不确定我以后在,政治上更有成就还是在编程上更有成就。
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Economics and Game Theory are now essential tools for understanding human thought and human behavior— those issues connecting to philosophy, computer science, anthropology, literature, theology, and many, many other domains.
经济学和博弈论如今已经成为了,理解人类思维和人类行为的重要方法,这些问题涉及哲学,计算机科学,人类学,文学,神学,以及许多其他的科学领域
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As I said, our strategic goal, our tactical goals, are to help you think like a computer scientist.
如同我已经提过的，我们的关键目标和战略目标都是为了,帮助你像一个计算机科学家一样思考。
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OK, so let's go through this and see what we would do which is to calculate the heat and the work. This is well insulated.
好的，让我们开始然后看看,我们该怎样计算热量和功的大小,这是完全绝热的，所以。
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If you have an isobaric you're going to have to calculate where the energy changes, and that's a calculation that's likely on the homework and very like on an exam as well, too.
在等压过程中,我们需要计算能量的变化，我们在作业,和考试中,就会遇到这类问题。
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To do that, we need to describe: not only, what are the primitives, but how do we capture things legally in that language, and interact with the computer?
为了达到这个目的，我们需要描述：,包括程序基本的东西，以及怎么在这种语言中，做我们想做的事情并和计算机交互？
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So I propose this algorithm, this program, this process for counting people in this room.
因此我提出了这种算法，这种程序和处理方法,来计算教室里的人数。
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OK. Today, for the rest of the lecture, we're going to take a break from the topic of algorithms, and computation, and things of the sort. And do something pretty pragmatic.
好，今天剩下的时间里，我们不再讲算法，计算和排序这些话题了,我们会做一些非常实用的事,我们主要的讲讲测试。
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They have a formula that defines how much Tier I and Tier II capital a bank has to hold and the amount depends on the risk class of their investments.
有一个公式可以计算出,一个银行到底需要持有多少一级和二级资本,其数量取决于他们投资项目的风险等级
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We can tabulate them. We can know them, and then when we have reactions that inter-convert different compounds, we can calculate the heat of reaction is just the difference between the heat of formation of the reactants, and the heat of formation of the products, right.
种化合物的生成热，可以把它们列成表,可以认知它们，而当我们要处理，在不同化合物间转变的反应时,我们只要计算反应物和,生成物的生成热之间的不同,就能计算出反应热。
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They might say my sample period was off, ... but that's what the theory-- ... using my data for the sample period that I computed-- the expected returns and co-variances says one should do.
他们可能说我的采样周期是有问题的，不过我的结果都是靠理论-,我采用自己收集的数据计算出-,预期收益和协方差可以用来指导我们的投资行为。
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But because in many cases we can reasonably either model or measure equations of state, collect data for a material for its temperature, pressure, volume relations, then in fact if we can relate all these quantities to those then in fact we really can calculate essentially all of the thermodynamics. For the material.
但是因为在很多情况下,我们能够合理的给出状态方程的模型,或者通过收集一个物质的，温度，压强和体积之间的关系,来测量其状态方程，所以实际上我们可以给出压强等物理量,和热力学势之间的关系,并计算出所有的热力学势，对于给定的物质。
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That's the question we're going to try and address. If we can do this, this is good, because first of all, it removes any questions about what machine I'm running on, it's talking about fundamentally, how hard is this problem, and the second thing is, it is going to do it specifically in terms of the input. Which is one of the things that I was worried about.
这是一个我们接下来要去,尝试和解决的问题，如果我们能做到的话会很不错，因为首先，它解决了结果可能和我,运行的计算机有关系的问题，因为这从根本了告诉了，我们这个问题的复杂度，第二件事情,就是这种方法可以依据输入的大小来计算,而这正是我最担心的地方。
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It turns out that in a lot of languages, C included, you the programmer knowing a bit about how the computer works and the language works, can exercise more fine-grained control.
结果在包括C语言的很多语言当中，你作为一个程序员懂得了一些计算机的工作方式,和语言的处理方式，可以更精确地控制运用它。
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Because you'll have an appropriate level of confidence and competence in your ability to do computational problem solving.
因为你们在自己的能力范围内,拥有应对解决计算问题的,正当水平的自信心和竞争力。
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I don't want to have to deal with heat escaping to the outside environment in a way that might be difficult or complicated to measure or calculate.
我可不想处理跑到,环境中去的热量，那测量或,计算起来会非常麻烦和复杂。
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What you have is with a simple calculation five significant figures.
你有的是,一个简易的计算器和五根手指。
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If you are interested by contrast in new Aces and fun toys our friends at Aces which is a hardware manufacturer which makes things like motherboards which are the innards of computers and other things.
与之相比，如果你对新鲜和,有趣的玩具感兴趣，像计算机硬件的制造商,他们主要生产主板之类的东西,主板是计算机和其他一些设备的内部结构。
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I want to talk about Kahneman and Tversky's Prospect Theory, which is a very important and a little technical-- psychologists can become mathematical and technical as well.
我会谈到,卡尼曼和特维斯基的前景理论,这是很重要的理论,同时需要一定的数学计算,心理学家也可以精于计算,和擅用技巧
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That is the whole triumph of calculus is to know that by looking at the position now, the position slightly later and taking the ratio and bringing later as close as possible to right now, we define a quantity that we can say is the velocity at this instant.
这就得靠微积分了,通过了解它现在的位置,和一小段时间以后的位置,计算它们的比,再让时间间隔尽可能缩短,我们就定义了一个,被我们称之为瞬时速度的物理量
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0 PROFESSOR: Thank you. This is 6.00, also known as Introduction to Computer Science and Programming.
教授：谢谢，这里是6。,也就是大家熟知的,计算机科学和编程导论。
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