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And they go through these arguments, and they find venture money to fund the company, and they get very famous people to endorse them, etcetera.
然后他们就这些论证展开讨论，找风险投资,来资助其公司，还找著名人士,来支持他们，等等等等。
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They're essentially more risky and more-- regulators have to watch them more because they're standing at higher probability- a monoline--of some major disaster.
单线保险公司风险更大,监管机构对其监管更严,因为他们遇到危机的,可能性更大
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These are private companies--insurance companies--they're monoline because they look only at a certain class of risks and not all risks that they insure.
他们是私人保险公司,从事单线业务,因为他们只关注一类特定风险,而不是担保所有的风险
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If debt becomes high relative to their revenue stream then the company is in a riskier situation.
如果负债与收入高度相关,则公司的风险性很高
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You have to be a big company to do it and if you have a big company you've exhausted the risk of-- never goes away completely.
你的公司得够大才能做保险这项业务,如果你有个大公司你就能减小风险,不太容易被风险击垮
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So, the insurance company with one hundred policies would have still substantial risk.
所以签了100份保单的保险公司,仍然面临一定的风险
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For companies that we thought had backdated stock options, that we could buy their bonds at what they would trade for without this potential event of default.
对于那些我们认为已经追溯股票期权的公司，我们会在没有潜在违约风险下进行交易的价格,购买他们的债券。
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If the insurance company has risk, it's because they've made a mistake.
如果说保险公司有风险的话，那是因为他们犯了一个错误。
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They have to contend with something called moral hazard, which is the risk that people will be affected by the fact that they're insured and do something bad.
保险公司必须应对道德风险的问题,也就是说,有些人可能会因为购买了保险,而动了歪念来骗取保费
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The more money a company borrows, the more risky the share becomes.
公司负债越多,股票风险越大
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Insurers, just like mutual funds, are providing risk pooling for you.
保险公司和共同基金一样,为客户提供风险汇聚服务
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When you do these calculations, which I just did for insurance-- I was talking about insurance companies-- assuming that risks are independent, everything's independent and we've got it all figured out.
当你试图去,做保险相关计算时,我指的是保险公司...,假定风险是独立的,事件都是独立的,可以算出一个结果
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The other thing is moral hazard -this is that companies, once they borrow money from anybody, a bank or anyone else, they have an obligation, which is fixed in dollar terms.
另一个问题是道德风险,意思是说,一旦公司借了钱,无论是从银行还是其他渠道,他们就背负了一种义务,金钱的义务
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When a company becomes leveraged, it then becomes riskier.
当一家公司变得有杠杆性,则风险增大
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