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Another example of using this technique is to produce therapeutic proteins from cloned DNA and I'm going to describe this one.
另一个运用到此技术的例子就是,从克隆的基因中制造治疗性的蛋白质,我会具体说这个例子
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But I do think that there are potential scientific and medical benefits for the use of cloning.
但是，我认为克隆技术的使用大大地推动了科学以及医学的发展。
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Yeah? Food from cloned animals Food from cloned animals - you didn't expect that to be Biomedical Engineering?
嗯,来自克隆动物的食品,来自克隆动物的食品,你觉得这不是生物医学工程范畴
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in terms of how not to offend people and how to do it as ethically as possible
比如说怎样保证不侵犯人权，怎样让克隆在道德层面行得通，
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The rest of this, this sort of beige part of the molecule here is called the polylinker part.
剩下这部分,这部分淡棕色的分子叫做多克隆位点
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It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.
所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体
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You're not just trying to clone the DNA, you're trying to also clone or make many copies of the protein.
你不仅想要复制DNA,更想要克隆或是制造,许许多多的蛋白质产物
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Cloning? Well, I hate to land on one side of the debate or the other
克隆？我不希望在这种争论中选择某一个立场，
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We're going to talk about cloning next week, but why would cloning be an advantage in producing food?
下星期我们讨论克隆,为什么克隆技术在食品工业中具有优越性
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But at the same time, because there is so much controversy about it,
然而，与此同时，因为克隆引发的争议很多，
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That is a way of putting a cloned gene into a micro-organism and then using that micro-organism as sort of a factory for the protein.
这方法把克隆基因植入微生物之后,将其作为某种形式的蛋白质工厂
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This is another way to clone or make many copies of a gene of interest.
这是另一种克隆出许多,你感兴趣的基因的方法
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How we do that will be clear in a few minutes, but this polylinker as is described down here is a site where you can clone in genes.
马上你们就清楚这该怎么做了,这里所说的多克隆位点,就是你能把基因片段插进来的位点
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Food supplies - food from cloned animals.
食品供应,来自克隆动物的食物
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Controlling quality because cloned animals are all genetically identical and so you wouldn't have variability that way, and so potentially you could have - pick an individual that has a really good quality meat and always reproduce that same thing.
克隆动物食品的品质具有可控性,是因为它们有相同的基因,所以动物个体的品质没有差异,所以假设你能够挑选出一个这样的个体,它的肉质非常好,就能利用该技术反复制造,完全相同的肉类产品
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If I want to clone a gene from a human, if I want to clone the gene for human isulin, mean make many copies of the gene that's responsible for making insulin, I need to know whether there are introns there or not.
如果我想要从一个人类个体克隆基因,如果我想要克隆人类胰岛素基因,亦即我要把负责生成胰岛素的基因,复制许多个副本,我就得要知道哪些是内含子,哪些不是
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DNA cloning, or any kind of cloning just means 'making copies of'.
NA克隆,或者任何一种克隆,本义就是"复制"
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and they can genetically manufacture one for you through cloning,
医生可以通过克隆技术为你造一个心脏，
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Took it out of the virus completely, cloned it into a plasmid, that plasmid was expressed in a foreign host, in this case it was expressed in yeast cells.
将基因从病毒中完全提取出来,并克隆制成质粒,该质粒在外来宿主中表达,此例中质粒在酵母细胞中表达
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We're cloning a gene of interest to us by sort of hijacking that biological mechanism by putting our gene on this plasmid and so our gene gets copied many times, as the plasmid gets copied many times.
我们克隆感兴趣的基因的做法,这个生物机制有点像是绑架,我们把基因绑在质粒身上,随着质粒被多次地复制,我们的基因也一起被多次复制
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You have a fragment of some kind of DNA that you would like to clone or make many copies of.
你有了某种DNA的片段,想要克隆,复制它
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How did we put our gene fragments into this plasmid DNA in order to make multiple copies of it, or to clone the gene?
如何把基因片段整合到质粒DNA上,来获得大量拷贝,或者说来克隆基因呢
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Here's another - that's a biological way of cloning it.
这里有另一种--,是一种克隆DNA的生物方法
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How do you make many copies of cloned DNA?
那怎么大量克隆DNA呢
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So the process of cloning DNA is taking a few strands of DNA of a gene that you're interested in and making many copies of them, that's cloning,you like to make identical copies.
所以DNA克隆的过程,就是用你所感兴趣的,基因的一些DNA链,来得到更多它们的拷贝,这就是克隆,复制出相同的拷贝
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What do you think of cloning?
你是怎样看待克隆的？
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Let's assume that we have this plasmid cloning vector and we have some pieces of DNA that we would like to put into a plasmid that we would like to make copies of.
假设我们已经有了克隆质粒载体,也有了我们想要将之,整合到质粒上的某些DNA片段,同时也是我们所要复制的DNA片段
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That's a way of cloning DNA.
这是一种克隆DNA的方式
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We're going to have DNA that we would like to make lots of copies of, or we're going to have DNA that we would like to get expressed in a cell, and we're going to put it in this region that's called the polylinker.
我们将那些需要得到很多拷贝数的DNA,或者需要在细胞中表达的DNA,整合到这个叫做多克隆位点的区域中
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