I am going to say if that electron is to stay in its orbit, that is to say it doesn't flee the atom, it doesn't collapse under the nucleus then the sum of the forces on the electron must be zero No net force. And so that will be the sum of a dynamic force plus an electrostatic.

如果电子会保持在它的轨道上运行,既不脱离原子的话，它就不会由于原子核对它的吸引力而被瓦解掉,电子所受的合力一定为零,由于没有合力,所以电子所受力为动态力和静电力的总和。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

H We also saw that dS for constant H and p was greater than zero.

我们同样可以看到如果保持自由焓,和压强不变熵的变化dS也是大于零的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选