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We went again to see what was happening in these regions when people considering the products and these prices.
我们在试验中观察的还是受试者,在衡量商品和价格时同样区域的活动。
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then it'll actually increase... it'll lower prices and increase sales.
实际上它会增加……它会降低价格和增加销量。
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I managed to find price indexes for Norway and Netherlands going back to 1890 and compared that with the U.S.
我找到了挪威和荷兰1890年的,价格指数数据,和当时的美国作比较
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And indeed it is the case that the price of the stock the amount of move, tends to be proportional to the price of the stock.
实际上它就是股票的价格,移动量，它们都倾向于和股票价格成正比。
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It's going to be /2 in the case where Coke and Pepsi cost exactly the same.
当可口可乐和百事可乐的价格一样时,销量将是/2
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They have a lot of time to look in monitor and analogues. And from a government policy perspective and a banking policy I wander whether the issue of risk of mispricing and so forth had much of the information been more generally available to the average public average person?
他们有很多的时间去关注监视器和,其他类似的东西，从政府政策,和银行政策的角度出发，我在想,错订价格的风险等议题,和其他很多信息能否让,大众，普通人更广泛地接触到？
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Okay, so availability and cost become two key issues.
所以便利性和价格优势是两个主要原因
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Also H&M is good or Forever 21, if you want less expensive clothes.
&M和Forever21价格不贵，也不错。
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Once they're investigated, their stock prices and their bond prices are going to fall.
一旦这些公司被调查,他们的股票价格和他们的债券价格就会下跌
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How does this quantity compare and how do therefore the prices compare, and how do profits compare with monopoly prices on the one hand, and competitive prices on the other?
第一,该产量下的价格,产出,和垄断价格,产出相比有何不同,和完全竞争价格又有什么不同呢
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Now what do these changes and these prices mean?
现在,这些变化和价格意味着什么呢
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So even though there's only two firms here, with price competition, identical products, we end up with an outcome that looks exactly like perfect competition, except for the fact there's only two firms.
尽管这里只有两家公司,进行某种产品的价格竞争,我们得到了,和完全竞争非常相似的结果,除了只有两家公司这个事实
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The debt irrelevance theory says that it matters for the price of a share what a company issues-- how much debt it takes on-- but it doesn't matter for the value of the company.
负债不相关理论说明它和,公司发行股票的每股价格,和总负债有关,但和公司的价值无关
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You can't think that it really could make so much difference in the real world how prices and quantitie and welfare, and profit is going to work out depending on some thought experiment about how I think about my strategy set.
你们很难想象在现实世界里,价格 产量 福利和利润会因为,不同策略集合设定下的思想实验,而产生如此巨大的变化
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We have to ask then, how do we get the price and the yield from this?
怎样确定这种债券的价格和收益呢
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Normally, when you have a dealer, the dealer has a-- when we talk in terms of price the dealer has an ask, which is higher than the bid.
一般来讲,当你和中间商交易的时候,如果以价格形式谈论,中间商的买入价,会比卖出价高
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If your dealer quotes you a discount rate of 2.51%, you know how to convert that into the price and that's all that matters--all that really matters is the price you have to pay.
如果经销商告诉你折扣率是2.51%,你要知道如何转换成价格,真正和你有关系的,是你需要付多少钱
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Now, there's the other side of the stock going up and we have to think about how much that can cost us and whether our coupons are enough and whether the difference between the $.60 that we paid is apt to cover that.
现在，如果相反，股票价格上升,那么我们必须考虑这会花费我们多少,以及我们的票息,和我们付出的0。60美元的价格和,是否能够恰好冲抵它。
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How do the prices and yields look at various points in time?
在不同的时点上,价格和收益会怎样变化呢
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So where is--suppose he's pricing-- We'll say the prices are between 0 and 1, suppose he's pricing at .8, what would be a good price for me to set?
如果他定价,假设他的价格,取值在0和1之间,假设他的价格设定在0.8,我应该设定哪个价格比较好呢
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We've identified the prices and yields of bonds of various maturities.
我们找出了各种不同期限债券的价格和收益
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So rather than go through this again a whole third time, I've gone through it once in quantities and once in prices, I'm going to get you guys to do it this time by having you do it on a homework assignment.
与其从头到尾再做第三遍,我已经从产量和价格角度从头到尾做过了,我将让你们自己,在家庭作业中完成这个工作
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The price of a share is the price of the ownership of that earnings' stream If I buy a share I'm in with everyone else who owns the company and I have a claim on the earnings' stream, but the earnings' stream is a year-by-year thing.
每股价格是指,收入所有权的价格,如果我和其他股东一样买了一份股票,那么我就对收益有要求权,但收益是逐年计算的
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This time, however, instead of setting quantities, instead of just deciding how much Coke and Pepsi to produce and spewing it out in the market and letting prices take care of themselves, this time the firms are going to set prices and let quantities take care of themselves.
这次不是规定产量,上次是确定,可口可乐和百事可乐的产量,运到市场上销售,并让价格自主的浮动,而这次,公司将要预先设定价格,并让产量自动调节
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So prices are determined as follows: prices depend on some parameters I'm just going to call a and b, and let me write the equation and then we'll see what it looks like.
价格由如下因素决定,价格取决于两个参数a和b,我们用方程写一下吧
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