Hobbes regarded these passions in many ways as barbaric, as uncivilized and warlike and to some degree he was right.

霍布斯把这些人具有的品质称之为,野蛮的，未开化的和好战的,他的这一论断只有在一定意义上是正确的。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Where Aristotle made the courage of men in combat a central virtue of his ethics, Hobbes pointedly omits courage from his list of the moral virtues.

亚里士多德把战争中,勇敢的人作为最高美德，而霍布斯恰恰是把勇敢,从美德的列表里删掉了。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So, people like Hobbes thought, "Well, we need a really strong state."

同意霍布斯观点的人认为,"我们需要一个十分强大的国家"

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No one can impose their claim of revealed knowledge on another. Does this make Hobbes an atheist, ? as many would have maintained in his day? No.

没人可以把他们声称启示的知识强加于别人,这说明霍布斯是一个无神论者，就像他那个时代很多人一样。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The passions that incline men to peace, Hobbes writes, are fear of death.

霍布斯写到，对死亡的恐惧，使人趋向和平。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Hobbes regards these passions, what Plato called by the word thumos.

但霍布斯把这些人的品质，也就是柏拉图说的恼恨二字。

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Yet, no man," Hobbes continues, "can thence infer that a particular man has more liberty or immunity from the service of the commonwealth there than in Constantinople, the city of the Caliphs, the Caliphate.

言归正传，霍布斯继续说道,没有人敢说英联邦的人民,因为比君士坦丁堡的人民,有更多的自由而免于为国家服役，后者是哈里发-伊斯兰教国家领袖-所在地。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Hobbes believed, on the other hand, that the overriding human fact, the overriding motivation of human behavior, is largely negative, not the desire to do good, but the desire to avoid some evil.

另一方面，霍布斯认为，人类最主要的行为，人行为的最主要的动机，在很大程度上是负面的，并不是为了做善良的事，只不过是为了避免罪恶的发生。

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There is a kind of internal irony here, I think because Hobbes sometimes writes as if, as we've seen, as if human beings are nothing more than complex machines that mechanically obey the laws of attraction and repulsion.

但我想这儿似乎存在着一种讽刺,因为霍布斯笔下的人，似乎就只是一具复杂的机器,只知机械地遵循法律所允许和不允许的事,这点我们在前面已有所耳闻。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Well, I've given a number who have quoted him on a number of reasons but one suggestion might be that it is not so much peace alone that Hobbes cherishes as life. Peace is a means to life.

好，接下来我会讲,有些人援引他的一些原因,但有一个可能是霍布斯,除了把和平向生命一样珍视之外还有其他。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The Athenians and the Romans," he says, "were free, that is they were free commonwealths, not that any particular man had the liberty to resist his own representative but that his representative had the liberty to resist or invade other people."

霍布斯说，希腊人和罗马人都是自由的，因为他们身在自由的共和国里，他们单独的个体,是没有自由反抗他所选的代表的,但他所选的代表,却有抵抗或是入侵他人的自由“

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Do they require more of Hobbes' men of natural timorousness or do they require ? more Ralph Espositos?

它更需要霍布斯那种,自然胆怯的人还是,像Ralph，Espositos一样勇敢的人？

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