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Previously humans were to be vegetarian: Genesis 1, the portrait was one in which humans and animals did not compete for food, or consume one another.
在《创世纪》1中，早期的人类是素食主义者，描绘了一幅人类和动物,不用争夺食物，不用互相残杀的景象。
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A lot of sciences rest on data that is flawed in some ways because of the difficulties in assessing what people eat.
许多依赖数据的科学常识是有瑕疵的,由于评估人类所吃食物非常困难
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Humans were vegetarian. Now God is saying humans may kill animals to eat them.
但是，现在上帝说,人类可以猎杀动物，当做食物。
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Often food aversions in humans and other animals can be formed through a form of association.
通常来说，人类和其他动物,所患有的食物厌恶,是通过某种联系而形成的。
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Well, both are foods, depending on your definition, but both are foods. Both have nutrients, both have things your body can make use of.
根据普遍的定义,两种都是食物,都是食物,都有营养素,都含有人类身体可吸收利用的物质
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Here's a little video clip that I'd like to show you that talks about evolution and how humans have evolved in relationship to their food.
接下来我们看段视频,主要讲述了生物演化,还有人类和食物之间的演化关系
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Does it change how humans appreciate food, what it does to their relationship with food, and of course what it does to their health and well being.
这会改变人类对待食物的方式吗,这会对人类与食物的关系有什么影响,这对人类的健康又有什么影响
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This idea that humans have evolved, that physical changes have occurred in humans as a consequence of their food environment, has led us to where we are now.
探讨人与食物的关系,探讨人类机体,由于食物环境而产生的变化,是我们今天坐在这里的原因
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There was a time when people were very close to their food.
有一段时期人类与食物的联系很紧密
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And so what people should eat, and what people think they are eating, and what they actually eat is really much different, and that leads to all kinds of problems.
所以人类的健康饮食摄入量,和他们自认为食物摄入量,和人类实际摄入量有巨大差别,这导致了各种问题
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This shows part of the changed relationship with food.
这个展现了人类与食物关系改变的一部分
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Now if any of you are interested in exploring this issue of food and history there's an awful lot written about it a number of books that have been written about it that are quite good.
现在,如果谁,对探究食物与人类历史的关系有兴趣的话,有很多关于这方面的著作,很多这方面的好书
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One problem that people have is understanding what a portion is, because you say we should have this many servings of fruits and vegetables a day, we should have this many servings of that a day.
人类很难理解每餐食物摄入量这概念,因为假设,我们一天应该摄入一定份量的水果和蔬菜,各种食物每天都有一定摄入量
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Virtually every major anatomical change-- think about that for a minute-- every major anatomical change that has existed in humans can be related in one way or another to how foods are acquired and processed by the human body.
事实上,每个重大的解剖学变化,你们想想,人体的每一个重大解剖学的变化,在某些方面,都和获取食物的方式,以及人类机体如何处理这些食物有关
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Now we'll go back further than 10,000 years to talk about the history of food, but in those--but at 10,000 years ago several very important changes happened that have shaped to a great extent what our modern relationship with food is.
让我们回到一万多年前,来讨论饮食史,但是,一万年前,发生了一些很重要的变化,这些变化很大程度上塑造了,现代人类与食物的关系
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This was thought by many to be a positive change but in game rich environments where there was a lot of meat available, people could actually get many more calories per hour-- that is secure more food that would help fend off starvation compared to what they could get for people cultivating food.
很多人都认为这是一个积极的改变,然而 在那些富饶地区,获取肉类轻而易举,同样时间内,人类可以获取更多能量,相对那些靠种植获取食物的人类来说,这些地区有足够多的食物来抵御饥荒
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The first one that I'd like to mention today is Christina Roberto who is a grad student who is working at The Rudd Center who's right here, a teaching fellow for the class, is going to be doing some very interesting work on health policies and people's food intake.
今天我想介绍的第一位是,克里斯蒂娜·罗伯特,她是在路德研究中心工作的研究生,她也是我们班的助教,正坐在下面,她将要从事一些关于,医疗卫生政策和人类食物摄取的有趣工作
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If you think about what ancient food gathering habits used to be like, you see things like this where people are out gathering food that is growing naturally, and you can think about what would-- what sort of conditions this would create and what kind of hardships it would create.
如果你想知道古代食物采集的习惯,请看这张图,人类都在野外采集自然生长的食物,你可以设想到,条件有多恶劣,生存有多艰难
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