The Hepatitis B subunit vaccine was produced at the same time that HIV-AIDS was being recognized as a problem in this country.

在乙肝亚基疫苗研制出来的同时,在该国家艾滋病开始被视为问题

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So, Hepatitis is already infecting cells of their liver, their liver is actively making new virus.

乙肝病毒已经感染了他们的肝细胞,他们的肝脏正在迅速地产生新的病毒

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What if I collect that blood from patients that are already infected with Hepatitis B, purify the Hepatitis B protein, and inject that back into people?

如果我采集那些乙肝患者的血液,抽提出乙肝病毒的蛋白质,并且将其回注入人体内,将会如何呢

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Well, one way to get proteins, and it was first used in Hepatitis B, is to find patients, find individuals who are already infected with Hepatitis B.

获得蛋白质的方法之一,也是首次用于制造乙型肝炎疫苗的方法,就是寻找患者,寻找到一些已经感染乙肝的患者

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In that case, we took the gene for the Hepatitis B protein.

在此种情况下,我们将乙肝病毒的基因同蛋白质外壳分离

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It turns out in the case of Hepatitis B, the way the lifecycle proceeds-- the cells make too much of the protein and not all of it gets assembled into the virus.

结果显示,在乙肝的病案中,病毒生命周期的发展情况,细胞制造了大量的蛋白质,但并不是所有的蛋白质都会组合成病毒

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So if you could make a hepatitis B vaccine that didn't require a shot or that didn't require refrigeration, that would be a tremendous advance in spreading that vaccine through the world.

所以如果你可以开发出这样的乙肝疫苗,它不需注射就能接种,或者不需要冷藏,这样的巨大进步,能够将疫苗的使用普及至全世界

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So, if you look in the blood of patients that are infected with Hepatitis B you find a lot of Hepatitis B surface subunits, proteins without the nucleic acid circulating in their blood.

因此,如果你观察一下,已经感染乙肝病毒患者的血液,你会发现许多乙肝病毒的表面亚基,以及血液循环中存在没有核酸的蛋白质

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So, that particular sub unit vaccine was only used in people that are at high risk for acquiring Hepatitis B, that is, people that work in healthcare situations that are exposed to blood routinely as part of their job.

因此,那些特殊的亚基疫苗当时仅用于,极有可能感染乙肝的高危病人身上,也就是那些在日常工作中,频繁的接触血液的健康护理人员

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