Previously humans were to be vegetarian: Genesis 1, the portrait was one in which humans and animals did not compete for food, or consume one another.
在《创世纪》1中,早期的人类是素食主义者,描绘了一幅人类和动物,不用争夺食物,不用互相残杀的景象。
and you'll play against each other in competitions
你们在比赛中互相对抗,
But shielding is a good way to think about it, and actually, that's what we'll use in this class to sort of visualize what's happening when we have many electrons in an atom and they're shielding each other.
实际上,它也是我们将在课堂上用于,分类形象化的当我们有,很多电子在原子中,它们互相屏蔽时会发生些什么,屏蔽是被使用的名词。
This is a game in which there are two firms who are competing in the same market, and we'll give a bit more detail in a second.
它讲的是在同一个市场中,只有两家公司互相竞争,稍后我会给出更多的细节
When I posit the existence of atoms with certain structures and certain sort of ways of interacting and combining and building up, when I posit atoms, suddenly I can explain all sorts of things about the physical world.
当我假设原子以某种特定结构存在,以一定的方式相互作用,互相结合,集聚,通过假定原子存在,我立即就能够解释,物理世界中各种各样的现象了
There is, of course, a lot of debate about universities like Yale to the extent in which they promote interdependence-- sorry, they promote positive contact between groups.
当然还有很多人讨论像耶鲁这样的大学,在促进人们的互相依赖中所起的作用-,对不起,是促进群体间的正面接触。
If you cut and you open up a segment of DNA then you've left these sticky ends, for example and these sticky ends are capable of recognizing each other by the process of hybridization.
如果你进行切割打开一个DNA片段,就会留下,比如说,这些粘性末端,这些粘性末端能在杂交的过程中互相识别
But in this game, playing best response to each other, figuring out that in fact the other guy is going to cheat on me, or the other guy is anticipating that I'm going to cheat on him, or the other guy is going to anticipate that I'm going to anticipate that he's going to cheat on ,me, etc., etc., will eventually drag us back to the Cournot quantity.
但在这个博弈中,互相采取最佳对策,预料到了对方会违约,或者对方预料到了我会违约,或者对方知道我会预料到,他会违约,以此类推,那么最终还是会达成古诺产量的
In the second case, if both firms undercut each other, you end up with low prices, that's actually good for consumers but bad for firms.
在第二个案例中,如果两家企业互相削弱,最终会压低价格,这对消费者有利,但对企业不利
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