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It deconvolves that reaction of sodium plus chlorine into elementary steps that are related to electron transfer and acquisition.
它将钠和氯的反应,分解成基本的步骤,这些步骤是直接与电子的转移和获得有关的。
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We talked about this reaction here where we had chloride ion in the gas phase plus sodium ion in the gas phase.
我们在讨论这一个反应,我们有气相的氯原子,与气相的钠原子接触。
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And it's not hard to see how the heat of reaction at room temperature can be related to they heat of reaction at other temperatures.
知道室温下的反应热,如何与其他温度下的反应,热联系起来这点并不困难。
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So, the idea here is, repeated pairings of the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus will give rise to the response.
这里的意思是说，无条件刺激与条件刺激的反复匹配,会引起条件反应。
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And we develop methods to measure the visually responsive parts of cortex and how the world is mapped onto the brain.
我们开发出一些方法，来测量大脑皮层的视觉反应部分,以及外界的事物如何绘制与大脑当中。
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And the reason we didn't do that is because we're actually going to spend much of the rest of the course relating these different properties to the properties of molecules in terms of bonding, and also in terms of chemical reactions.
我们至今没有这样做的原因是,实际上我们这门课程以后的大部分时间都将花在,如何将这些性质与分子的性质联系起来,在成键以及化学反应的方面。
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When they do find the cell they're capable of interacting with the receptor forming some kind of chemical interaction with the receptor.
但当它们遇到细胞时,就能够与受体相互作用,与受体发生化学反应
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The key thing is not just to feed back to us what you've read or what you've heard in the lecture, but we want some interpretation of it or some analysis of it, or your reaction to what you're hearing in the class linked with something that might be going on in the world.
关键是不要仅仅以你们从课堂上读到,或者听到的东西作为对我们的反馈,我们想得到的是你们对它的诠释或者分析,或者是你们把课堂上听到的与生活中,可能发生的事情联系起来的反应
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of a stock is how much it reacts to movements in the market portfolio.
一只股票风险指标β系数直接反应出，The，β,市场组合变动与投资收益的相关性。
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But what happens through learning is that another association develops that between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response.
但学习会在条件刺激与条件反应之间,建立起另一种联结。
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But there is nothing saying you cannot take magnesium and mix it with oxygen and make magnesium oxide.
同样的道理，如果将镁,与氧一起反应，就会得到氧化镁。
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That is to say I can now reroute that sodium plus chlorine reaction and go a different way, but I still end up with the same change in energy.
也就是说，我可以重新定义一种,钠与氯的反应途径,从另一种途径来实现反应，但是能量的变化过程相同。
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Now the pain of a bite, being bit, and then the pain and fear of that is an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response.
咬伤所带来的疼痛感，和有此所带来的痛苦与恐惧,就是无条件刺激和无条件反应。
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And it says the conditioned response may be different from the unconditioned response.
它还表明，条件反应,可能会与非条件反射有所不同。
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We know that not all stimuli and responses are created equal.
我们知道刺激与反应并非一一对应。
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There is some mixture of them.
实际情况是生成物与反应物的混合。
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Enzymes work best, enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions and our bodies operate by elaborate networks of chemical reactions, When we're off from that temperature then they don't work properly.
举酶这个例子再好不过,酶是一种具有催化作用的蛋白质,人体依靠精密复杂的化学反应网络来运转,如果我们体温与之相差较大,这些酶就不能正常工作
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So, we were talking, however, about energy in terms of electron affinity, so we can actually relate electron affinity to any reaction by saying if we have this reaction written as here where we're gaining an electron, we say that electron affinity is just equal to the negative of that change in energy.
但是，我们现在讨论的能量,是电子亲和能，因，此我们可以将电子亲和能,与任何反应联系起来,只要我们将反应写成这种得到电子的形式，我们说电子亲和能就等于,反应前后能量变化的负值。
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By cell/cell contact, I mean that there's a receptor in one cell that makes some kind of a chemical interaction with a receptor in another cell.
通过细胞之间的接触,我的意思是在一种细胞上的受体,能与另一细胞上的受体发生某种化学反应
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We're going to talk about this kind of non-covalent interaction more when we talk about the immune system, because one example of ligand and receptors that's important in the immune system are antigens - foreign molecules, and antibodies - molecules that we produce.
当我们讲到免疫系统的时候,会更详细地谈到这种非共价化合反应,因为在免疫系统中,一个重要的配体受体结合反应,就是抗原,即外源分子,与抗体,这个人体自身产生的分子结合
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